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Blood pressure & heart disorder Notes

Blood pressure & heart disorder Notes. (1) Pulse. Pressure wave that travels through arteries Result of contraction and relaxation of artery Pulse Rate should = Heart Rate Could vary if blood vessel filled with fatty deposits or damaged interior walls. (2) Blood Pressure.

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Blood pressure & heart disorder Notes

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  1. Blood pressure & heart disorder Notes

  2. (1) Pulse • Pressure wave that travels through arteries • Result of contraction and relaxation of artery • Pulse Rate should = Heart Rate • Could vary if blood vessel filled with fatty deposits or damaged interior walls

  3. (2) Blood Pressure • Pressure blood exerts against vessel walls • Keeps blood circulating • Ventricles Contract: • Blood forced into arteries • Arteries expand as blood travels through • Blood moves high  low pressure • Blood continues to move into areas without blood • Eventually moves back to heart (when heart empties out)

  4. (3) Measuring Blood Pressure • Systolic Pressure • Pressure in arteries • Peak of ventricular contraction • Diastolic Pressure • Pressure in ventricles • Relaxed ventricles • Measuring Blood Pressure • Cuff is inflated/tightened until cuff pressure is greater than systolic pressure • Blood flow in arm ceases • No pulse (heard + felt) • Pressure in cuff is reduced  listen for pulse sounds • Systolic Blood Pressure = first soft tapping sounds • Diastolic Blood Pressure = no more tapping sounds, constant flow • Expressed: “Systolic over Diastolic”

  5. (4) Hypotension • Low blood pressure • Systolic = 100 and over • Causes: • Increase in fitness • Change in body position and circulation of blood pressure (sitting  standing) • Poor nutrition (decreased viscosity) • Blood loss

  6. (5) Hypertension • High blood pressure • Systolic = 140 and over • Causes: • Damaged arterial walls • Fatty deposits • Increased viscosity of blood • Increased stress

  7. (6) Coronary Artery Disease • Blood vessels fill with fat + calcium deposits • Constricts inner volume of blood vessels • Severely increases pressure within blood vessels • Can build up + not allow blood flow

  8. (7) Congenital Heart Defect • Common in infants • Causes: • Maternal infection • Drugs • Defects: • Valves do not open/close properly • Septum separating right + left side may not be complete • Missing chambers/arteries

  9. (8) Congestive Heart Failure • Weaking of heart + blood vessels: • Common in older + unhealthy individuals • Pumping efficiency decreased: • Decrease in blood flow • Decrease in muscle contraction • Vessels most likely clogged with fat + calcium: • Leads to straining of heart muscle • Damage to vessels  scar tissue in repair

  10. (9) Heart Fibrillation • Rapid uncoordinated shuddering/pulsing of heart muscle • Does not allow for proper pumping of blood • Major cause of heart attack + death in adults • Tachycardia = rapid heart rate • Brachycardia = slowed heart rate

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