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Muscles

Muscles. Origin Insertion Primary Action. Head/Neck Muscles. Frontalis Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris Temporalis Zygomaticus Masseter Buccinator Sternocleidomastoid Platysma. Frontalis. Origin Cranial aponeurosis Insertion Skin of eyebrows Primary Action Raises eyebrows .

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Muscles

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  1. Muscles Origin Insertion Primary Action

  2. Head/Neck Muscles • Frontalis • Orbicularis oculi • Orbicularis oris • Temporalis • Zygomaticus • Masseter • Buccinator • Sternocleidomastoid • Platysma

  3. Frontalis • Origin • Cranial aponeurosis • Insertion • Skin of eyebrows • Primary Action • Raises eyebrows

  4. Orbicularis oculi • Origin • Frontal bone and maxilla • Insertion • Tissue around the eyes • Primary Actions • Blinks • Closes eyes

  5. Orbicularis oris • Origin • Maxilla and mandible • Insertion • Skin and muscle around the mouth • Primary Actions • Closes and protrudes lips • Known as the kissing muscle because it is used to pucker the lips. (xo!).

  6. Temporalis • Origin • Temporal bone • Insertion • Mandible • Primary Action • Closes jaw

  7. Zygomaticus • Origin • Zygomatic bone • Insertion • Skin and muscle at corners of lips • Primary Action • Raises corner of mouth 

  8. Masseter • Origin • Zygomatic arch • Insertion • Mandible • Primary Action • Closes jaw

  9. Buccinator • Origin • Maxilla and mandible near molars • Insertion • Orbicularis oris • Primary Actions • Compressescheek as in whistling and sucking • Holds food between teeth during chewing

  10. Sternocleidomastoid • Origin • Sternum and clavicle • Insertion • Mastoid process of the temporal bone • Primary Actions • Contracted together = flex neck • One contracts = head rotated to side

  11. Platysma • Origin • Connective tissue covering of superior chest muscles • Insertion • Tissue around the mouth • Primary Action • Pulls corners of the mouth inferiorly  ‘frown’

  12. Neck/Trunk/ Shoulder Muscles • Superficial anterior muscles: • Pectoralis major • Rectus abdominis • External oblique • Superficial posterior muscles: • Trapezius • Latissimus dorsi • Erector spinae • Deltoid

  13. Pectoralis major • Origin • Clavicle • Sternum • 1st to 6th ribs • Insertion • Proximal humerus • Primary Action • Adducts and flexes humerus

  14. Rectus abdominis • Origin • Pubis • Insertion • Ribs 5-7 • Sternum • Primary Action • Flexes vertebral column

  15. External oblique • Origin • Lower 8 ribs • Insertion • Iliac crest • Primary Actions • Rotates and flexes vertebral column

  16. Trapezius • Origin • Occipital bone • All cervical and thoracic vertebrae • Insertion • Clavicle • Scapular spine • Primary Action • Extends head and neck

  17. Latissimus dorsi • Origin • Lower spine • Iliac crest • Insertion • Proximal humerus • Primary Actions • Extends and adducts humerus

  18. Erector spinae • Origin • Iliac crest • Vertebræ • Ribs 3-12 • Insertion • Thoracic and cervical vertebrae • Ribs • Primary Action • Extends the vertebral column

  19. Deltoid • Origin • Clavicle • Spine of scapula • Insertion • Deltoid tuberosity of humerus • Primary Action • Abducts arm

  20. Shoulder/Arm/Forearm Muscles • Biceps brachii • Brachialis • Deltoid • Triceps brachii • Flexor carpi radialis • Flexor carpi ulnaris • Flexor digitorum superficialis • Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis) • Extensor digitorum

  21. Biceps brachii • Origin • Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula • Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula • Insertion • Proximal radius • Primary Actions • Supinates forearm • Flexes elbow

  22. Brachialis • Origin • Distal humerus • Insertion • Proximal ulna • Primary Action • Flexes elbow

  23. Deltoid • Origin • Clavicle • Spine of scapula • Insertion • Deltoid tuberosity of humerus • Primary Action • Abducts arm

  24. Triceps brachii • Origin • Long head: scapula • Lateral head: proximal humerus • Medial head: proximal humerus • Insertion • Olecranon process of ulna • Primary Action • Extends elbow

  25. Flexor carpi radialis • Origin • Distal humerus • Insertion • Base of 2nd metacarpal • Primary Actions • Flexes and abducts hand (at wrist)

  26. Flexor carpi ulnaris • Origin • Humeral head: distal humerus • Ulnar head: posterior ulna • Insertion • Carpals (pisiform bone, hook of hamate bone) • 5th metacarpal bone • Primary Action • Flexes and adducts hand (at wrist)

  27. Flexor digitorum superficialis • Origin • Humoulnar head: distal humerus and ulna • Radial head: superior half of radius • Insertion • Middle phalanges of digits 2 - 5 • Primary Action • Flexes wrist and fingers

  28. Extensor carpi radialis longus • Origin • Humerus • Insertion • Base of 2nd metacarpal • Primary Actions • Extends and abducts hand at wrist

  29. Extensor carpi radialis brevis • Origin • Humerus • Insertion • Base of 3rd metacarpal • Action • Extends and abducts hand at wrist

  30. Extensor digitorum • Origin • Distal humerus • Insertion • Phalanges of 2nd to 5th fingers • Primary Actions • Extends fingers • Extends hand at wrist

  31. Hip/Thigh/Leg Muscles Anterior • Iliopsoas • Adductor muscles • Sartorius • Quadriceps group: • Vastus medialis • Vastus intermedius • Vastus lateralis • Rectus femoris • Tibialis anterior • Extensor digitorum longus • Fibularis muscles

  32. Iliopsoas • Origin • Psoas – lumbar vertebrae • Iliacus – ilium • Insertion • Femur (lesser trochanter) • Primary Action • Flexes the hip

  33. Adductor muscles • Origin • Pubis • Insertion • Femur • Tibia • Primary Action • Adducts thigh

  34. Sartorius • Origin • Ilium • Insertion • Proximal tibia • Primary Actions • Flexes and laterally rotates the thigh

  35. Quadriceps Group Vastus medialis • Origin • Femur • Insertion • Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament • Primary Action • Extends the knee

  36. Quadriceps Group Vastus intermedius • Origin • Femur • Insertion • Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament • Primary Action • Extends the knee

  37. Quadriceps Group Vastus lateralis • Origin • Femur • Insertion • Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament • Primary Action • Extends the knee

  38. Quadriceps Group Rectus femoris • Origin • Ilium • Insertion • Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament • Primary Actions • Extends the knee • Flexes thigh (hip)

  39. Tibialis anterior • Origin • Proximal tibia • Insertion • First cuneiform and first metatarsal • Primary Actions • Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

  40. Extensor digitorum longus • Origin • Proximal tibia and fibula • Insertion • Distal phalanges 2-5 • Primary Actions • Extends toes 2 - 5 • Dorsiflexes foot

  41. Fibularis or peroneus muscles Peroneus longus • Origin • Fibula • Insertion • Tarsal (medial cuneiform) and 1st metatarsal • Primary Actions • Eversion • Plantarflexion

  42. Fibularis or peroneus muscles Peroneus brevis • Origin • Fibula • Insertion • Fifth metatarsal • Primary Actions • Eversion • Plantarflexion

  43. Fibularis or peroneus muscles Peroneus tertius • Origin • Fibula • Insertion • Fifth metatarsal • Primary Actions • Eversion • Plantarflexion

  44. Hip/Thigh/Leg Muscles Posterior • Gluteus maximus • Gluteus medius • Hamstring muscles • Semitendinosus • Semimembranosus • Biceps femoris • Gastrocnemius • Soleus

  45. Gluteus maximus • Origin • Ilium, sacrum and coccyx • Insertion • Lateral femur • Primary Action • Extends hip (thigh)

  46. Gluteus medius • Origin • Ilium • Insertion • Greater trochanter of femur • Primary Actions • Abducts thigh • Steadies pelvis during walking

  47. Hamstring Muscles Semitendinosus • Origin • Ischial tuberosity • Insertion • Proximal tibia • Primary Actions • Extends the thigh • Flexes the knee

  48. Hamstring Muscles Semimembranosus • Origin • Ischial tuberosity • Insertion • Proximal tibia • Primary Action • Extends the thigh • Flexes the knee

  49. Hamstring Muscles Biceps femoris • Origin • Long head – ischial tuberosity • Short head –lateral femur • Insertion • Head of fibula • Primary Actions • Extends the thigh • Flexes the knee Long head Short head

  50. Gastrocnemius • Origin • Medial head – medial epicondyle of femur • Lateral head – lateral epicondyle of femur • Insertion • Calcaneus • Primary Actions • Flexes knee • Plantar flexes foot

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