1 / 24

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy. Overview. What is psychotherapy? Who does psychotherapy? Approaches to psychotherapy. Classification of psychotherapies. Three examples of psychotherapy: psychoanalysis cognitive therapy interpersonal therapy. Psychotherapy.

mervyn
Download Presentation

Psychotherapy

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Psychotherapy

  2. Overview • What is psychotherapy? • Who does psychotherapy? • Approaches to psychotherapy. • Classification of psychotherapies. • Three examples of psychotherapy: • psychoanalysis • cognitive therapy • interpersonal therapy.

  3. Psychotherapy • “Psychotherapy…is a fiendish and expensive way of tampering with the lives of patients weak enough or foolish enough to seek outside help with personal problems for which, in fact, only will power is any solution.” • Quentin Crisp

  4. Definitions • Somatic therapies • Medicines • Electroconvulsive Therapy • Surgery • Historical • Insulin coma treatment • Hydrotherapy • Removal of teeth • Hysterectomy

  5. Social Treatments • Environmental therapy • Work therapy • Moral therapy

  6. Psychological treatments • Talk-therapy • Hypnosis • Psychodrama • Behavioral therapy

  7. “Despite their diversity…all psychotherapies attempt to relieve suffering and psychological disability by inducing changes in patients’ attitudes and behavior.” • Jerome Frank 1991

  8. Prescribing Psychiatrists Psychoanalysts Nurse Practitioners Psychologists (some) Non-Prescribing Psychoanalysts Clinical Psychologists Social Workers Counsellors (MA, Religious counsellors) Co-counsellors, peer therapy Who practices psychotherapy?

  9. Dyadic Adult Child Non-dyadic Couples therapy Family therapy Group therapy Modes of Psychotherapy

  10. Classification Schemes • Exploratory (insight oriented, expressive, uncovering) • insight into unconscious psychic conflict • Goal: structural change in personality • Supportive (suppressive) • support adaptive ego defenses • Goal: strengthen adaptation

  11. Evocative Psychotherapies • Seeks to improve total psychological functioning by providing a supportive, accepting therapeutic relationship in which unconscious experiences can emerge into awareness leading to change. • Psychoanalysis • Existential Psychotherapy • Self-actualizing therapies (Rogers, Maslow)

  12. Directive Psychotherapies • Symptom- or problem-focused. • Cognitive • Cognitive Therapy (Beck) • Rational Emotive Therapy (Ellis) • Social Learning Therapy (Bandura) • Behavioral • Reinforcement • Counter-conditioning • Abreactive • Primal therapy • EMDR

  13. Schools and Practitioners • Eclecticism • Cross-trained • Self-selection • General (e.g., psychoanalysis, client-centered therapy) vs. Focused (e.g., Dialectical Behavioral Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder, CBT for Panic Disorder)

  14. Psychoanalysis • Freud • Office-based psychiatry • Drive theory • Structural model of the mind (ego, id, superego) • Derivations: Ego psychology, Object Relations Theory, Self Theory • Unconscious • Psychic determinism: past as prologue

  15. Psychoanalysis in practice • Free association • Transference • Resistance

  16. Cognitive Therapy • Aaron Beck • “Common sense psychology” • Psychological problems result from faulty learning, making incorrect inferences on the basis of inadequate or incorrect information, and not distinguishing between imagination and reality. • Patients systematically misconstrue specific kinds of experiences

  17. Cognitive Distortions • All-or-nothing thinking (black-white, polarized, dichotomous thinking) • Catastrophizing (‘fortune telling’) • Emotional reasoning • Mind reading • Over-generalization • ‘Should’ and ‘Must’ statements • Etc.

  18. Cognitive Therapy techniques to modify intermediate and core beliefs: • Socratic questioning • Behavioral experiments • Cognitive continuum • Rational-emotional role playing • Acting ‘as if’ • Using others as reference points • Self-disclosure

  19. Interpersonal Psychotherapy • Psychotherapy should focus on what happens between people, not on the brain, mind, unconscious, etc. • Social attachments are protective against stress and depression. • Depression is related to interpersonal relationships--as cause and consequence.

  20. Interpersonal functioning and Depression • Grief • Role Transition • Interpersonal Disputes • Interpersonal Deficits

  21. Non-specific dimensions of psychotherapy • Re-moralization • Supportive, non-judgmental attitude of therapist • Expression of emotions • Unanalyzed positive transference • Unanalyzed negative transference • Identification with the therapist • Strengthening ego functions

  22. Further Reading • “Freud and Beyond” by Stephen Mitchell and Margaret Black • “Approaches to the Mind. Movement of the Psychiatric Schools from Sects toward Science” by Leston Havens • “Persuasion and Healing” by Jerome Frank

More Related