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Air Pollution

ORGANIC AIR POLLUTANTSAcrylonitrileBenzeneButadieneCarbon disulfideCarbon monoxide1,2-DichloroethaneDichloromethaneFormaldehydePolycycli aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans(PCDDs/PCDFs)StyreneTetrachloroethyleneTolueneTrichlorethylenevinylchloride.

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Air Pollution

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    1. Air Pollution

    5. What is air pollution? contamination of the air by noxious gases and minute particles of solid and liquid matter (particulates) in concentrations that endanger health Air pollution only occurs outdoors

    6. Sources of Outside Air Pollution Combustion of gasoline and other hydrocarbon fuels in cars, trucks, and airplanes Burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal, and dinosaur bones) Insecticides Herbicides Everyday radioactive fallouts Dust from fertilizers Mining operations Livestock feedlots

    7. A major form of air pollution is emissions given off by vehicles. The number of cars in EU has doubled between 1970 and 1994 – 3% per year

    8. What’s in smog particulates (especially lead) nitrous oxides potassium Carbon monoxide Other toxic chemicals

    9. Sources of Indoor pollution Efficient insulation Bacteria Molds and mildews Viruses animal dander and cat saliva plants house dust Mites Cockroaches pollen

    10. Effects on the environment Acid rain Ozone depletion Global warming In human population- respiratory problems, allergies, strengthens lugs, and a risk for cancer

    11. Acid rain contains high levels of sulfuric or nitric acids contaminate drinking water and vegetation damage aquatic life erode buildings Alters the chemical equilibrium of some soils

    13. Strategies Air Quality Management Plan Development of new technology- electric cars, cleaner fuels, low nitrogen oxide boilers and water healers, zero polluting paints, less polluting BBQ lighter fluids Use of natural gas Carpooling Follow the laws enacted

    14. Urban Emissions

    15. Role of Engines and Fuel Different engines and fuel combinations give out different emissions in different quantities. Some engines have catalysts which effectively remove part of the harmful gases.

    16. Catalytic Converters and Particle Traps Catalytic converters can be fitted to cars to reduce NOx emissions. CO + HC + NOx H2O + N2 + CO2 Platinum Honeycomb Particle traps can be used to reduce PM10 and NOx, but the effectiveness is severely reduced if the fuel the vehicle burns has a high sulphur content. The major target in the battle for cleaner cities is diesel.

    18. STRATEGIE The Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) approach: Based on scientific knowledge Using best available, quality-controlled real-world data With close involvement of stakeholders: Project future emissions and air quality resulting from full implementation of current EU legislation Explore scope and costs for further measures Analyze cost-effective policy scenarios Estimate benefits of policy scenarios

    21. Particulate Matter (PM ) Pollution

    22. Ground level ozone

    23. Multi-pollutant/multi-effect analysis for identifying cost-effective policy scenarios

    30. Expected benefits Emission of road transport sector in Europe

    31. Expected benefits (All sources in France) - 43% NOx between 2001 and 2010 - 37% COV between 2001 and 2010 programme of réduction 2003-2010 (simulations by Prév’air) : duration of exposition to threshold (180µg/m3) divided by 5 exposition to concentrations higher than 120µg/m3 divided by 2

    32. Surveillance de la pollution : les « réseaux »

    33. Surveillance de la pollution : les alertes

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