Puritans

1. Puritans 1565-1660

2. Who were the Puritans? From England Struggled for years to purify the church of England

3. Who were the Puritans? Believed in original sin, the consequence of sin, and that men sinning was inevitable because of Adam and Eve’s sin Belief that hard work leads them to virtue Feared the wrath of God and His divine providence in their lives, both physical and eternal

4. Influences • Martin Luther- Believed men are inherently evil and God is omnipotent • John Calvin who believed in predestination- belief that your afterlife has already been determined before birth

5. Why did the Puritans seek permanent settlement in the Colonies? • Many suffered from physical religious persecution • Physical mutilation- noses slit, ears cut, burnings • Thrown in Jail • Freedom to practice religion • Sought to simplify and purify the church • Model directly after God’s word • Create “New Eden”- Theocracy • No intermediary between the individual and God

6. Characteristics of Puritan Literature • Diaries and histories were important because they were records of workings of God • Saw direct connections between biblical events and their own lives • Written in plain style- way of writing that emphasizes simple sentences and the use of every day words from common speech

7. Puritan Core Beliefs T -- total depravity. This doesn't mean people are as bad as they can be. It means that sin is in every part of one's being, including the mind and will, so that a man cannot save himself. U -- unconditional election. God chooses to save people unconditionally; that is, they are not chosen on the basis of their own merit. L -- limited atonement. The sacrifice of Christ on the cross was for the purpose of saving the elect. I -- irresistible grace. When God has chosen to save someone, He will. P -- perseverance of the saints. Those people God chooses cannot lose their salvation; they will continue to believe. If they fall away, it will be only for a time.

8. The Age of Reason 1650-1800

9. Other Names Revolutionary Era- ideals centered around gaining independence from mother country Britain Age of Enlightenment- advances in politics and science Rationalism- value rational thought and logic over superstition and religion

10. Characteristics of Rationalism Valued Scientific Method America no longer a New Eden or Jerusalem America now a New Rome or Athens Concerned with developing new national identity Mostly Deists- God is a watchmaker Believed people to be inherently good. Tabula Rasa- Blank Slate

11. Genres/Styles of Writing • Political pamphlets • Essays • speeches • documents Instructive in values; highly ornate writing style

12. Major Writers Benjamin Franklin • Autobiography and Poor Richard’s Almanac • Symbol of success gained by hard work and common sense • Known for his aphorisms (short sayings with a message) • “Haste makes waste” • “God helps those who help themselves” Thomas Jefferson • “Declaration of Independence” • Considered the finest writer of the era • “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.”

13. Major Writers Thomas Paine • “The American Crisis” helped propel us into war • Remains a model of effective propaganda. • “These are the times that try men’s souls.” Phyllis Wheatley • Enslaved African became one of the finest American poets of her day. • Wrote “To His Excellency, General Washington” Patrick Henry • “Speech in the Virginia Convention” • Urged armed resistance to English and fed the spirit of revolution.

14. Power of Persuasion: Rhetorical Devices Greek Terms Syntax Ethos- appeal to credibility Logos- appeal to logic Pathos- appeal to emotion Kairos- sense of urgency • Repetition of an idea using the same words. • “The war is inevitable – and let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come! (Patrick Henry 103). • Restatement of an idea using different words. • “We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne…(Patrick Henry 102).

15. Syntax (continued…) • Parallelism – repeated use of grammatical structure “We have petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne…(Patrick Henry 102). (Note the order of the parts of speech – pronoun, helping verb, past tense verb). • Rhetorical questions – questions with obvious answers meant to engage audience emotionally. “Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation?” (Patrick Henry 102).

16. GEORGIA HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION WRITING TEST Persuasive Writing Exam DATE: September 25, 2013