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Ration Formulation

Ration Formulation. 2/05/2001 ANS 336. 1.Steps in Balancing a Ration. Nutrient requirements generally represent the minimum quantity of the nutrients that should be incorporated. Factors to be considered Age Sex Body Size Type of production Intensity of production.

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Ration Formulation

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  1. Ration Formulation 2/05/2001 ANS 336

  2. 1.Steps in Balancing a Ration • Nutrient requirements generally represent the minimum quantity of the nutrients that should be incorporated. • Factors to be considered • Age • Sex • Body Size • Type of production • Intensity of production

  3. Ruminants: Determine what feeds are available and list their respective nutrient compositions Dry matter Protein Energy Phosphorus Calcium Vitamin A Vitamin D if confined Non ruminants same as Ruminant, but: Dry matter Protein Essential AA Energy Essential Fatty acids Phosphorus Calcium Vitamin A,D, E and B complex Minerals 2.Steps in Balancing a Ration

  4. 3.Steps in Balancing a Ration • Feed cost • Processing Cost • Transportation Cost • Storage Cost • Antioxidant • Refrigeration Cost • Nutritive value loss with storage

  5. 4.Steps in Balancing a Ration • Balance a ration that is useable. • Can they eat that much, can they utilize that source of the ingredient. • Limitation of feed ingredients • Consumption levels • Limiting values such as: amount of forage that can be consumed. • Wheat as percentage of diet • Cottonseed limitations

  6. 5.Steps in Balancing a Ration • Convert to Dry Matter Basis: 1. Conversion of feed nutrients from an as fed to a dry matter basis: • a.     Assume alfalfa silage analyzed 7 % crude protein on an as-fed basis and contained 40% dry matter. What percent crude protein would the alfalfa contain when expressed on a dry matter basis? The solution for this example can be obtained by the following equation: • % Nutrient ( As fed basis) = % Nutrient (dry matter basis) % Feed Dry Matter 100 % dry matter

  7. Methods of Formulation • Square Method (Pearson Square) • Trial and Error • Simultaneous Equation Method • 2 X 2 Matrix method • Computer Method • WAG Method – not recommended

  8. Feeds Available

  9. Holstein Cow TDN and CP Req.1433 lb BW, 65 lbs of milk, 4% Butter fat Needs

  10. Determining Consumption • Cow will eat about 2 % of her body weight in forage • 2 % X 1433 = 28.66 lbs • 1.2 – 2 % of her body weight in Concentrate [ ]. • Hay is 14# • Corn Silage is 14 # • 40 X 35% (DM) = 14 #

  11. From Forage

  12. Supplied

  13. Trial and Error Conc. Mix.

  14. Needs from Concentrate Mix • Divide TDN from concentrate (16.5) by the % TDN in the mixture (75.3). • 16.5/0.753 = 21.9 lbs of TDN to meet energy req. • Multiply 21.9 times 10.3% CP in mix • 21.9 X .103 = 2.26 • 3.69 (needed) – 2.26 = 1.43 still needed • Substitute 175 # of SBOM to concentrate mix. In place of that amount of corn .

  15. Trial and Error Conc. Mix.

  16. Trial and error - Guess • 16.5 lbs / .746 = 22.1 of conc to supply 16.5 lbs of TDN • 3.69 lbs protein needed/ .163 of protein = 22.63 = 22.63. • Therefore, we feed 22.63 lbs of concentrate to meet all requirements with a little extra energy.

  17. Supplied

  18. Holstein Cows consumption • Cows will eat approximately 3.0 to 4.0 % of the body weight in dry matter depending on the stage of lactation. • 2 % from Forage and the remainder from Concentrate mixes. • Next we need to figure the NDF amount to see what level of forage she can consume. Consume. • 1.2 % BW in NDF with 0.9 % from Forages and 0.3 % from Concentrates.

  19. NDF requirements • 1.2 % X 1433 = 17.2 lbs NDF • 0.9 % BW from forage = 12.9 • 12.6 X 55.0 = 6.93 • 14.0 X 59.0 = 8.26 15.19

  20. Pearson’ Square • Simple nutrient needs are met with simple feed formulas. • Lesser values are subtracted from greater values. • Recorded diagonally. • One feed must have a value higher than the desired value and one must have a value lower than the desired value.

  21. Pearson Square A = C X B D = Total A – X D B – X C Need Percentage

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