Some new symbols to get used to…

1. Some new symbols to get used to… think exam tips read talk explain answer

2. Periodic Table Key words; Atom, Compound, Electron, Element, Symbol

3. H H How do you know? starter Atom or Element or compound?

4. Learning Objectives By the end of the lesson I can: • Describe how elements contain only one type of atom • Understand that symbols are used for atoms to show what happens in chemical reactions. • Know that all 100 known elements are listed on the periodic table and groups have similar properties

5. All substances are made up of p______. The smallest p_____ that can take part in a chemical reaction is called an a___. Elements are substances that each contain only _______ of atom. The atoms of each element are represented by a symbol. Examples of symbols used for elements are O (used for ______), N (used for _______) and Cu (used for ______). Atoms and symbols articles article tom one type oxygen nitrogen copper

6. More work on symbols Fill in the gaps in the table below. Name of element Symbol Chlorine Cl Carbon C Silver Ag Bromine Br Sodium Na

7. How are the elements arranged? Answer: Using the Periodic Table Vertical columns are called ___________ and horizontal rows are called ___________. groups periods

8. Elements – these are substances containing only ______________. For example, sodium is an element and is made up of sodium atoms only. Compounds– these are substances made up of two or more types of atom. These atoms are joined together chemically. For example, carbon dioxide contains carbon and oxygen atoms joined together by chemical bonds. Elements, mixtures and compounds one type of atom

9. Mixtures – these are not pure substances. The compounds and/or elements making them up are not joined chemically. For example, air is a mixture of gases like oxygen (an element) and carbon dioxide (a compound).

10. Classify the following substances as elements, mixtures or compounds. Elements, mixtures and compounds, continued mixture compound element

11. Learning Objectives By the end of the lesson I can: • Describe how elements contain only one type of atom • Understand that symbols are used for atoms to show what happens in chemical reactions. • Know that all 100 known elements are listed on the periodic table and groups have similar properties

12. Naming Compounds Key words; Atom, Compound, Electron, Element, Symbol

13. Learning Objectives By the end of the lesson I can: • Understand that symbols are used for atoms to show what happens in chemical reactions. • Know that atoms bond and rearrange in a chemical reaction

14. + hydrogen oxygen water H H O O H H A compound is made when atoms of different elements react and join together. For example, water is produced from the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. + Two hydrogen molecules react with one oxygen molecule to produce two molecules of water. Why does water have different properties to its elements?

15. + carbon oxygen carbon dioxide + Black solid used as fuel. Colourless gas in which many substances burn. Colourless gas used in fizzy drinks and fire extinguishers. C O O + A compound has different properties to the elements from which it is made because the atoms are joined differently.

16. A compound is not a mixture The atoms in a mixtureof hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, which have not reacted with each other, look like this… The atoms in water, the compound made when hydrogen and oxygen react and their atoms become chemically joined to each other, look like this…

17. To name simple compounds of metals and non-metals: magnesiumoxide • sodium chloride • iron oxide 1.Write down the name of the metal. 2.Write down the name of the non-metal, changing the ending of the word to “-ide”. What is the name of the compound made when the following elements combine? • magnesium and oxygen • sodium and chlorine • oxygen and iron

18. The rules are: If there are two elements present, then the name ends in –IDE. For example, the formula CuS represents the compound _________ide. If there are three elements present and the third one is oxygen, then the name ends in –ATE. For example, the formula CuSO4 represents _________ate. How do we name compounds? copper sulf copper sulf

19. What is the name of each compound formed by these metal and non-metal elements? Element 1 Element 2 Name of compound iron sulphur magnesium nitrogen sodium chlorine tin oxygen aluminium bromine nickel iodine zinc sulphur lithium nitrogen iron sulphide magnesium nitride sodium chloride tin oxide aluminium bromide nickel iodide zinc sulphide lithium nitride

20. Many compounds contain more than two elements. For compounds containing two elements plus oxygen, the ending of the other non-metal usually changes to “-ate”. Element 1 Element 2 Element 3 Name of compound nickel sulphur oxygen nickel sulphate magnesium nitrogen oxygen magnesium nitrate sodium nitrogen oxygen sodium nitrate copper sulphur oxygen copper sulphate aluminium bromine oxygen aluminium bromate

21. Naming compounds, continued Name the compounds in the table below. Aluminium chloride Copper oxide Iron oxide Calcium sulfate Calcium carbonate Magnesium bromide Sodium nitrate

22. Composition of compounds A compound contains atoms from different elements that are chemically joined together. A compound always contains a particular amount of each element. It has a fixed composition. Compound names can get quite long and complicated, so the symbols of the elements are used as a shorthand. The symbols of the elements in a compound are combined to give the formula of the compound. What is the formula of carbon dioxide?

23. carbon dioxide water A formula uses the symbols of the elements in a compound. When there is more than one atom of each element, the number is always written after the symbol. carbon atom = 1 CO2 formula = oxygen atoms = 2 hydrogen atoms = 2 H2O formula = oxygen atom = 1 The formula shows the ratio of atoms in a compound.

24. What is the formula of each of these compounds? (In a formula put the metal first as when naming a compound.) 1.Titanium oxide For every titanium atom there are two oxygen atoms. Formula = 2.Lithium oxide For every two lithium atoms there is one oxygen atom. Formula = 3.Aluminium chloride For every aluminium atom there are three chlorine atoms. Formula = TiO2 Li2O AlCl3

25. What is the formula of each of these compounds? (In a formula put the metal first as when naming a compound.) 1.Silicon chloride For every silicon atom there are four chlorine atoms. Formula = 2.Manganese oxide For every manganese atom there are two oxygen atoms. Formula = 3.Aluminium oxide Foreverytwoaluminiumatomstherearethreeoxygenatoms. Formula = SiCl4 MnO2 Al2O3

28. Learning Objectives By the end of the lesson I can: • Understand that symbols are used for atoms to show what happens in chemical reactions. • Know that atoms bond and rearrange in a chemical reaction

29. Chemical Reactions

30. Learning Objectives By the end of the lesson I can: • Understand that symbols are used for atoms to show what happens in chemical reactions. • Know that atoms bond and rearrange in a chemical reaction • Work safely in the lab to make compounds from elements

31. The substances that react are called the Chemical reactions REACTANTS. The substances formed are called the PRODUCTS. REACTANTS PRODUCTS To represent chemical reactions we write word equations or symbol equations.

32. A word equation can be used to describe any chemical reaction, i.e. any process in which atoms become joined • in different ways. • The steps for writing a word equation are: • On the right-handside, put the name of the reactant(s). • If there are two or more reactants, link them with a + sign. • 2.In the middle, write down an arrow (). • 3. On the right-handside, put the name of the product(s). • If there are two or more products, link them with a + sign.

33. Lead reacts with oxygen to form lead oxide. What is theword equation for this reaction? • lead + oxygen  lead oxide Why is lead oxide so different to both lead and oxygen? • The lead and oxygen don’t mix, they react to form lead oxide. • This means that the lead and oxygen atoms in the product are joined differently to the atoms in the reactants .

34. Write word equations for the following reactions sodium (s) carbon dioxide(g) Calcium carbonate (s) + Chemical reactions, continued 1 When sodium is burned in oxygen, sodium oxide is formed. + oxygen(g) sodium oxide(s) 2 When solid calcium carbonate is heated, it decomposes into solid calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas. calcium oxide(s) heat

35. Limestone (calcium carbonate) is heated to make calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to make magnesium chloride and hydrogen. Methane is burnt to make carbon dioxide and water. Write out word equations for the following chemical reactions. calcium carbonate  calcium oxide +carbon dioxide magnesium + hydrochloric acid  magnesium chloride + hydrogen methane + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water

36. Burn magnesium Pour hydrochloric acid over magnesium Pour sulphuric acid over zinc Investigation: For each of the following; • Complete the experiment & write an observationWrite a word equationWrite a symbol equationBalance the equationDescribe the ratio of atoms in the compound composition of the products

37. 1) When calcium carbonate burns it turns…..(complete the experiment & write an observation) 2) complete the word equation calcium carbonate  calcium oxide +carbon dioxide 3)CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g) complete the symbol equation 4) 1 Ca 1 Ca 1 C 1 C 3 O 3 O balance the equation 5) 1 Calcium atom to every 1 oxygen atom AND 1 carbon atom to every 2 oxygen atoms. describe the ratio of atoms in the compound composition of the products 6)complete diagrams of at least one of the equations

38. The answer to this is ___. Does the mass change during a chemical reaction? NO For example, when 56 g of iron reacts with 32 g of sulfur iron sulfide is formed. The mass of the iron sulfide formed is __ g. 88 When 48 g of magnesium is heated in oxygen, 80 g of magnesium oxide is formed. What mass of oxygen is needed to react with the magnesium? The answer is __ g. 32

39. The three fossil fuels are: Burning fossil fuels Coal, oil and natural gas. When the fossil fuels are burned in enough air they always form water and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a __________ gas and is linked to g____ w______. lobal greenhouse arming Write the word equation for methane (natural gas) burning in oxygen. methane(g) + oxygen(g) carbon dioxide(g) + water(l)

40. Metals are arranged in order of how reactive they are. A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive one from its compounds. For example, zinc will displace copper from copper sulfate to give zinc sulfate plus copper. The word equation is: The Reactivity Series zinc(s) + copper sulfate(aq) zinc sulfate(aq) + copper

41. Learning Objectives By the end of the lesson I can: • Understand that symbols are used for atoms to show what happens in chemical reactions. • Know that atoms bond and rearrange in a chemical reaction • Work safely in the lab to make compounds from elements