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Hort 4040 - 2011

Producing Plants From Seed. Hort 4040 - 2011. Paul A. Thomas The University of Georgia. No Two Seeds Are Alike. Important Information. Directions. Planting Depth. Expiration Date. Source. More Information. Lot Number. Germination Percentage. Scientific Name. Seed Coatings.

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Hort 4040 - 2011

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  1. Producing Plants From Seed Hort 4040 - 2011 Paul A. Thomas The University of Georgia

  2. No Two Seeds Are Alike

  3. Important Information Directions Planting Depth Expiration Date Source

  4. More Information Lot Number Germination Percentage Scientific Name

  5. Seed Coatings • Fungicides/Rhyzobia • Polycoating • Pre-germinated

  6. Seed Collecting Seeds collected from hybrids rarely look like the parent plant due to the random reassortment of genetic material, and the random sources of pollen. Native species tend to be more stable, but also have variation between generations. To get a clone, try vegetative propagation!

  7. Seed Deterioration • Seeds lose half their storage life for • every 1% increase in seed moisture • between 5 and 14%. • Seeds lose half their storage life for • every 5 degrees C increase in storage • temperature between 0oand 50oC.

  8. Life Expectancy Of Selected Seeds Sugar Maple 2 weeks English Elm 26 weeks Cocklebur 16 years White Clover 90 years Sensitive Plant 200 years Indian Lotus 1,040 years Artic Lupine 10,000 years

  9. Seed Storage Moist Storage @35 to 50oF Dry Storage @ 35 to 50oF* Cold Storage @ 0oF, –18oC * Cryopreservation @ -196oC * *** at 3 – 8% Moisture

  10. The Cycle of Life

  11. 1. Imbibed water stimulates Gibberellin synthesis. 2-3. Gibberellins diffuse to the aleurone layer and stimulate the synthesis of enzymes. 4-5. Enzymes break down the starch and the sugars are transported to the developing embryo.

  12. Advantages of Seed Dormancy • Favors seedling survival • Creates a seed bank • Seed dispersal (birds) • Synchronizes germination with seasons

  13. Types of Dormancy in Seed Quiescent – The seeds are able to germinate upon imbibition of water at permissive temperatures. Primary Dormancy – Seeds cannot germinate even if immediate conditions are right. This form of dormancy delays germination until season, or other macro-environmental issues are right for survival. Secondary Dormancy – An additional level of Protection to prevent germination. Can be induced under very unfavorable conditions such as drought or cold, etc.

  14. Types of Dormancy in Seed Exogenous Dormancy - Imposed by factors outside the embryo. Seed coat. Endogenous Dormancy – Imposed by factors within the embryo. Underdeveloped embryo.

  15. Exogenous Dormancy • Physical – Impermeable seed coat : Scarification • Chemical – Inhibitors in seed coat : Removal / Leaching

  16. Photodormancy Photodormancy : A type of dormancy where the ability of the seed to germinate is controlled by the wavelengths and durations of light received by the embryo. Lettuce, Butterflyweed,Tobacco

  17. SEED STORAGE Recalcitrant Seed – Short-term Viability Tropical – Store warm and moist (ASAP) Coffee, Cocoa, Mango, Macadamia, Avocado, Tea Subtropical – Store cool and moist (ASAP) Maple, Oak, Elm, Poplar, Salix,

  18. Orthodox Seed Short-Lived – Store dry and cold (Under 1 yr) Vinca, Pansy, Begonia Medium - Lived - Store dry and cold ( 2-5 years) Marigold, Petunia, Coleus Long - Lived – Store dry and cold ( 5-200 years) Morning Glory, Zinnia, Hollyhock

  19. Testing Viability - Simplified

  20. Extraction Methods • Fermentation • Flotation • Blender Separation • Screen-Press Separation • Gravity Separators • Hand Separation • Sifting • Drying (Heating Pine Cones)

  21. Seed Cleaning / Separation Cleaning seed reduces disease and weed seed from growing along with your selection For many dry seed, simply crush dried material and blow gently, transferring the seed from hand to hand.

  22. Fleshy Berry Seed

  23. Preconditioning Seeds (for more uniform germination) Methods: Mechanical scarification Soaking In Water Acid Scarification Moist Chilling / Freezing Double Dormancy

  24. Hot Water Scarification Water temperature should be over 110OF Let soak for a few hours. Stir often. Do not re-heat the water. Plant ASAP.

  25. Mechanical Scarification

  26. Moist Stratification Cold or Warm

  27. Seed Soaking / Leaching Seed soaking optimizes the amount of imbibed seeds and evens out the stage of imbibition by insuring 100% moisture availability Soaking too long can cause anoxia and reduced germination. 12-36 hours is a very common soaking period.

  28. Germination Of Lettuce

  29. Handling Tiny Seeds Mix Seed with Sand

  30. Electric Heating Tapes

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