Opportunities for Citibank in PSUs

1. Opportunities for Citibank in PSUs Commodities Market Global Markets

2. Commodity Hedging Decision by PSUs • Opportunities in PSU companies are directly linked to their Risk Management Policies • Risk management policies are decided at the beginning of the year by Board of Directors keeping RBI guidelines in mind. • Unlike private companies, PSUs have to strictly adhere to decisions taken at the beginning of the year and cannot get into any hedging practice not permitted by RBI

3. Commodity Hedging permitted by RBIand Participating Companies Opportunities for Citibank in PSUs Global Markets

4. Commodity Hedging permitted by RBIand Participating Companies

5. OilMarketing and Refining Companies Product Chain Upstream Companies Downstream Companies • ONGC (OVL) • Oil India Limited • Cairn India • HPCL (HMEL) • BPCL (NRL) • IOCL (CPCL) • GAIL • CPCL • Reliance Industries Ltd.

6. Refining Operation

7. Rapidly increasing Refining Capacity- 215 MMT to 302 MMT by 2017 IOCL BPCL HPCL NRL

8. Excess capacity points to weaker Refinery Margin Consideration Refinery Hedging • Refining capacity addition will exceed the incremental demand over 2014-2017, pointing towards weaker refinery margins RBI Regulation PSU companies active in Refining Hedging • BPCL • IOCL • HPCL • Permits hedging of risks to existing refineries like margins, inventory, product sales and freight for oil refining and marketing companies

9. Hedging Instrument: Crack Spread Crack Spreads Naphtha: 15% (Sell 150 bbls) • Crack Spread = Price of Refined Product – Price of Crude Oil • Refiners are LONG crack spreads and to hedge they SHORT crack spreads Common Crack Spreads • Gasoline Crack • Kerosene Crack • Naptha Crack • High Sulphur Fuel Oil (HSFO) Crack Types of Crack Spreads • 1:1 Crack Spread • 3:2:1 Crack Spread • 5:3:2 Crack Spread Kerosene: 15% ( Sell 150 bbls) Crude 100% Buy 1000 bbls Gasoil: 50% (Sell 500 bbls) HSFO 20% (Sell 200 bbls) Competitors Offering Crack Spread Solutions • Barclays • JP Morgan • Goldman Sachs • Deutsche Bank • Morgan Stanley

10. Changing Landscape of Commodities Market is a clear opportunity for Citibank “Barclays has reduced its presence in commodities, while other banks including CréditAgricole and UBS have virtually closed their commodities businesses.” - Financial Times, Dec 2013 “Deutsche Bank slashes commodity trading operations” – Financial Times, Dec 2013 “JPMorgan has put up for sale its physical commodities business” - Reuters, May 14 “Morgan Stanley agreed to sell its physical oil business to OAO Rosneft (ROSN) as the investment bank backs away from owning some physical commodities businesses.” - Bloomberg, Dec 13 • “Citibank increasing its gas and power business • in Europe as competitors such as Bank of • America Merrill Lynch and Barclays are • pulling back” • – Reuters, May 2014

11. Revenue Sizing for Citibank from Crack Spread Hedging

12. Freight Risk 2 Consideration Indian Scenario • Indian OMCs enter into shipping contracts for hiring carriers from different shipping companies to bring oil • The various modes of sea borne transportation used by Indian OMCs are • Voyage Charter: Employment of a vessel for a specific and certain voyage • Time Charter: Employment of a vessel for a specific period • Contract of Affreightment(COA):Extended form of voyage charter where certain number of voyages are covered under one contract at pre specified rate. • Shipping expense is the second most important expense after crude oil purchase for oil refining companies • Freight cost of operating a vessel greatly fluctuates with the cost of shipping fuel, also known as bunker fuel. Pricing Factors • Distance between load port and discharge port • Size of the cargo - Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCC) (260 TMT), Suex Max (130 MT) and Afra Max (80 TMT). • Capability of load port of handing vessels • Availability of vessel • Market Sentiment *Source: Ministry of Petroleum, Report on LONG TERM PURCHASE POLICY AND STRATEGIC STORAGE OF CRUDE OIL

13. Crude Oil Transportation- Scenario in India Time between loading at major Importing countries to unloading at Indian Refinery Norway Azerbaijan Iraq Iran Kuwait Algeria Egypt Saudi Arabia Mexico UAE Sudan Yemen Nigeria Venezuela Brunei Colombia Cameroon Malaysia Congo Eq. Guinea Ecuador Brazil Angola Australia 6-7 Days 10-14 Days Up to 30 days

14. Country-wise Crude Oil Import by Indian Companies *Source: Ministry of Petroleum- Crude Oil Import Data 2012-13 and 2011-12

15. Declining oil production from domestic suppliers will put significant pressure on imports “Supply of crude oil from domestic sources has been on a decline owing to the reduction in ONGC’s production volume. BPCL’s dependence on imports for meeting the crude oil requirements of its refineries therefore has been increasing” - Annual Report 2012-13, BPCL Citibank in Freight Business “Citi Energy Risk’s Freight House of the YearAward – 2010” Opportunities • Indian Scenario • RBI Circular allowing Freight Hedging: “Oil refining and marketing companies, which have substantial overheads on account of freight component, are permitted to hedge the freight risk in international exchanges/OTC markets on the basis of the underlying exposures.” • BPCL undertook hedging of freight cost of the tankers in 2012-13 taken on spot charter and COA. • The freight cost for the year 2012-13 for BPCL amounted to INR 3824 crore

16. Freight Hedging Solutions Freight Forward Agreement A financial forward contract that allows ship owners, charterers and speculators to hedge against the volatility of freight rates Example Seller: Citi Bank Route: TD3 Period: Q4 14 Quantity: 20kt (knot, 1 nautical mile= 1.852 km) Contract Price: XX Contract Regulation: ISDA

17. Potential Revenue for Citibank • Citibank did a trade with State Trade Corporation of India LTD on freight hedging for wheat import in 2008.

18. Inventory Valuation Risk 3 Consideration Indian Scenario • Inventories of LPG, Kerosene, Diesel, Jet Fuel, Petrol and Fuel Oil have to be maintained at numerous locations like Ports, Refineries, Pipeline installations, marketing depots, Airports etc. to ensure uninterrupted availability of products • OMCs carries inventories in the range of 10 MMT of crude oil/feedstock and products which are valued at Rs.25000 crores • Inventory Value= MIN (Acquisition Cost, Net releasable value) • Though not representative of operational efficiency, such fluctuations in oil prices can have a major impact on the inventory value, which in turn can have a disproportionate affect on the profitability. • According to the RBI circular, hedging of inventory up to 50 per cent of the volumes in the quarter preceding the previous quarter is allowed. • Oil companies in India which hedge their inventories- Hedging Solutions • Sell a Swap • Buy a Put Option

19. Inventory exposure is directly linked to number of refineries Refineries of OMCs Recommendations • Target Company -> IOCL • IOCL is active in inventory hedging because of the large number of refineries.

20. Case Study: Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) Inventory Hedging Commodities Hedged Specifications • Kerosene • High Speed Diesel • Fuel Oil • Market • OTC Singapore • Tenor • Maximum of one year forward • Volume Hedged • A maximum of up to 50% of the inventories based on the volumes in the quarter preceding the previous quarter • Publication • The publication to be used in the OTC tools for hedging inventories shall be Platts in line with prices used for purchases/sales. • Crude Oil • Petrol • Jet Fuel • LPG Risk Management Tools • Swaps on crude oil and petroleum products • Floor on crude oil and petroleum products • Zero cost combination of options like Collars and Seagulls on crude oil petroleum products and spread List of Registered Counter-parties who have signed ISDA Documentation with IOC • BNP Paribas, Paris • Citibank N.A, USA • BP Oil International Limited • Bank of America N.A, USA • PhibroLLC • GlencareCommodities Limited • Morgan Stanley Capital Group Inc • Barclays Bank Plc, London • Mitsui Energy Risk Management Ltd • Hess Energy Trading Company LLC • SocieteGenerale, France • Macquarie Bank Ltd

21. IOCL: FX Exposure 1 External Commercial Borrowings Analysis Recommendations • Interest payments of the ECBs is linked to LIBOR • Currently, only one 500 Mio USD ECB has been hedged by an Interest Rate Swap with LIBOR/Fixed: 2.22% • Focus on ECBs maturing in the near future for selling Forwards

22. IOCL: FX Exposure 1 Import and Export Mismatch Analysis Recommendations • Interest Payments of these ECBs is linked to LIBOR • Hedged one of the 500 Mio USD loans by an Interest Rate Swap with LIBOR/Fixed: 2.22% • Focus on ECBs maturing in the near future for selling Forwards

23. FX- Hedging Solutions 2

24. Foreign Exchange Risk Hedging Solutions USD Initial Principal Exchange Final Principal Exchange Interim Exchange of Interest Party B Party B Party B Party B Party B Party B Party B Party A Party A Party A Party A Party A Party A Party A • Forwards / Futures • Options • Swaps • Interest Rate Swap • Cross Currency Interest Rate Swaps INR INR Interest USD Interest INR USD Cross Currency Interest Rate Swaps • Client can hedge their FX exposure by entering into a CCIRS • CCIRS converts the foreign debt into a synthetic debt in the issuer’s domestic currency

25. BPCL: FX Exposure 2 External Commercial Borrowings Analysis Recommendations • Interest Payments of these ECBs is linked to LIBOR • Hedged one of the 500 Mio USD loans by an Interest Rate Swap with LIBOR/Fixed: 2.22% • Focus on ECBs maturing in the near future for selling Forwards

26. Commodity Hedging Solutions 3

27. FX Hedging Strategies#1: Cross Currency Interest Rate Swaps (CCIRS) • Client can hedge their FX exposure by entering into a CCIRS • CCIRS converts the foreign debt into a synthetic debt in the issuer’s domestic currency USD Interim Exchange of Interest Final Principal Exchange Initial Principal Exchange Party B Party B Party B Party B Party B Party B Party B Party A Party A Party A Party A Party A Party A Party A INR INR Interest Example: USD Interest INR Exposure: ABC issues a 3-year fixed rate bond of USD 100M. The coupon is 2.0% payable semi-annually. Hedge: On the same date, ABC enters into a 3-year CCIRS where ABC exchanges a face value of USD 100M @ 0.016 for INR 6000M. Under the terms of the CCIRS, USD Recommendations • Potential companies are the ones which has external commercial borrowings • IOCL, BPCL, HPCL