Hindi hE ‘to be’ in Bangla Issues in Machine Translation

1. Hindi hE ‘to be’ in Bangla Issues in Machine Translation Soma Paul International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, India soma@iiit.ac.in

2. hE in simple present tense Hindi hE Bangla haoyaa aach ø Challenges in Machine Translation

3. hE ‘to be’ in simple present tense WSD issue and correct lexical substitution of hE is required • Main Verb hE raam DəkTər hE ‘Ram is a doctor’ Ram doctor is raam əcchaa ləRkaa hE ‘Ram is a good boy’ Ram good boy is is kəmre meM do dərwaaze hEM ‘There are two doors in the room’ this room in two doors is meraa ləRkaa əb nepaal meM hE ‘My son is now in Nepal’ my son now Nepal in be Equative raam Daaktaar ø raam bhaalo chele ø ei ghOre duTo dOrjaa (aache) Existential aamaar chele Ekhon nepaale (aache)

4. Drop of Copula and Presence of Classifier yəhələRkaa əcchaa hE this boy good is ‘This boy is good’ uske lie koi bhI kaam əsaan hE his for any emp work easy is ‘Any work is easy to him’ ei chele-Taa/*chele bhaalo ø taar kaache jekono kaaj sOhoj ø

5. Verbalizer hE film fesTivəl aj se Suru hE Film festival today from begin is ‘Film festival begins from today’ film fesTivEl aaj theke Suruø

6. Equative hE is not dropped in Simple present tense Occurred in conditional clause himaaləyə yədi bhaarət ka mukuT hE himaacəl hE us mukuT meM ləgaa Himalya if India gen crown is Himachal is that crown in placed səbse durləbh rətnə most rare jewel ‘If Himalaya is the crown of India, then Himachal is a rare jewel in that crown jodi himaalOy bhaaroter mukuT hOy himaachOl sei mukuTer æk durlObh rOtno If Himalya India-gen crown isHimachal that crown-gen one rare jewel hE within subordinate clause with yadi  Don’t Drop, translate to haoyaa

7. Equative hE is not dropped in Simple present tense Subject refers to a class (jati) and the complement talks about a generic property of that class paahaaR ke log pəriSrəmI hoteM hEM Hill gen people hard working be-hab be3 p ‘People from hills are hard working’ paahaaR-er lok-eraa poriSromi hOy hE+ta_hE  hOy

8. hE in negative context • Equative raam DəkTər nəhI hE Ram doctor not is ‘Ram is not a doctor’ • Existential meraa ləDkaa əbhI nepaal meM nəhI hE my son now Nepal in not is ‘My son is not in Nepal now’ raam Daaktaar nay aamaar chele Ekhon nepale nei

9. hE in negative context • Sense of Happening is saal pujaa həmaare ghər meM nəhI hE, taauji ke ghər meM hE This year puja our house not is, uncle gen house loc is ‘Puja is not there in our house this year, but it will happen in my uncle’s house’ ei bOchor pujo aamaader baaRite nay, jEThaa-r baaRi-te ø this year puja our house-loc is not, uncle-gen house-loc

10. Hindi verb hE ‘be’ in affirmative and negative context and its equivalent in Bangla

11. isəkI raajdhaanI hydəraabaad hE er raajdhaani holo hyderaabaad • … jinəmeM se ek hE pərbotoM kI raanI musəorI … jaar moddhe EkTaa holo pOrboter raani musouri • … Dəl jhIl jəmmu kəshmIr kI dusrI səbse bəRI jhIl hE … Daal jhil holo jommu kaashmIrer ditiyo brihOttOmo jhil • Dəl jhIl ke mukhyə aakərSəN kaa kendrə hE yəhaaM ke haausboT Daal jhiler mukkho aakorSoner kendro holo ekhaankaar haausboT

12. Transfer Rules Input: * Morphological features * POS tagged, * Shallow parse with dependency relations, * Marked for Sentence Type

13. Transfer Rules If: sentence type - declarative, Verb root - hE TAM - Simple Present Dependency Relation wrt to hE - One NP is k1 and one NP is k1s Then: Drop hE if noun marked for k1is NN Add classifier to it