12-4: More Technological Advances

1. 12-4: More Technological Advances September 20, 2010

2. I. Telegraph Speeds Communication • Samuel F.B. Morse • Telegraph • A device that could send information over wires across great distances

3. I. Telegraph Speeds Communication • How it works: • It sent pulses of electric current through a wire. • The telegrapher tapped a bar called the telegraph key, which controlled the length of each pulse. • At the other end, these pulses would change into clicking sounds.

4. I. Telegraphy Speeds Communication • Morse Code • A system of different combinations of dots and dashes that represent each letter of the alphabet. • … - - - …: SOS • Skilled telegraph operators could send and receive many words per minute.

5. I. Telegraph Speeds Communication • Many people in our country disputed this machine. • They thought these message were made-up by Morse himself. • Morse’s Big Break • Democratic National Convention-1844

6. I. Telegraph Speeds Coummunication • Telegraphs were soon sending and receiving information for: • Businesses • The government • Newspapers • Private Citizens • As railroads continue spread, telegraph joined along side to speed up communication.

7. I. Telegraph Speeds Communication • By the time of Morse’s death, telegraph lines: • Had spread across the United States. • During the Civil War, President Lincoln would use the telegraph to command the Union Troops as well as get supplies to where they need to be. • This would eventually win the Civil War.

8. II. Steam Power and New Factories At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, factories were placed near water sources, because they were powered by water turbines. Steam-powered factories replaced this type, because they were more reliable and could also be built anywhere.

9. II. Steam Power and New Factories • Some companies decided to build their factories near cities, because they: • Provided easier access to workers. • Allowed businesses to lower wages. • Reduced Shipping Costs • Allowed immigrants and former farmers with income.

10. II. Steam Power and New Factories Factory workers were able to improve the designs of many kinds of machines. Mechanics invented tools to cut and shape metal, stone, and wood with great precision. With the help of Eli Whitney, interchangeable parts were produced by these machines.

11. III. Improved Farm Equipment • John Deere • He observed Illinois farmers that were having difficulty plowing soil with an iron plow. • He designed the steel plow to make farming easier for farmers.

12. III. Improved Farm Equipment • Cyrus McCormick • Mechanical Reaper • This harvesting invention quickened the harvesting of wheat at cut it efficiently. • He used advertisements, gave demonstrations, and provided a repair and spare parts department to increase the sales of his reaper.

13. III. Improved Farm Equipment Mechanical Reaper Steel Plow

14. III. Improved Farm Equipment The combination of Deere’s plow and McCormick’s reaper allowed Midwestern farmers to plant and harvest huge crop fields. By the time of the Civil War, U.S. farmers were producing more wheat and corn than they had in the entire century before hand.

15. IV. Changing Life at Home • Isaac Singer • Improved the design of Elias Howe’s sewing machine. • The Singer sewing machine company became the world’s largest producer of sewing machines.

16. IV. Changing Life at Home • Icebox • Cooled by large blocks of ice. • Stored fresh food safely for longer periods of time. • Iron Cookstoves • Replaced cooking fires and stone hearths.

17. IV. Changing Life at Home Safety Pins Matches

18. IV. Changing Life at Home • Mass Production allowed familiar items such as clocks to be bought at reasonable prices. • 1800-$50 • 1850-$1.50

19. Inventions Today • If you look close enough, you can see that many of the inventions created during the Industrial Revolution are still in use today.