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PS200 Introduction to Cognitive Psychology Unit 1

PS200 Introduction to Cognitive Psychology Unit 1. Nichola Cohen Ph.D. Overview. Get to know each other Class expectations and the syllabus What is Cognitive Psychology? Questions. Syllabus. Please read it! Reading: Ebook – chapters can be found in Doc Sharing

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PS200 Introduction to Cognitive Psychology Unit 1

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  1. PS200 Introduction to Cognitive PsychologyUnit 1 Nichola Cohen Ph.D.

  2. Overview • Get to know each other • Class expectations and the syllabus • What is Cognitive Psychology? • Questions

  3. Syllabus • Please read it! • Reading: Ebook – chapters can be found in Doc Sharing • Each week 1 chapter of reading • Additional resources in reading tab – check the reading tab for each unit

  4. Flex seminars • Choice of seminars • Wednesday 8PM EST – Christina Migliara • Thursday 12PM EST – Nichola Cohen • Monday 9PM EST – Brian Kelley • You only need to attend 1 seminar! • Or, you can complete seminar option 2

  5. Discussion board • Each unit has a discussion board • You should post 1 primary response and 2 peer responses to each thread • Primary post = 150 words • Peer responses = 50 words • Posts must be substantial • You must make reference to the reading • 4 points for this!

  6. Deadlines • All assignments and DB posts are due by 11.59 PM EST Tuesday • I do accept late work BUT you will lose 1 letter grade per week for late submission • Extensions can be granted for extenuating circumstances • Email me and let me know before the deadline is missed • Projects: Unit 3 and 9 • Start thinking about them early • Read the rubric! • Exam: Unit 5 • 30 multiple choice questions • 1 short answer question

  7. Questions • Course questions section • Email me • Discussion board • Seminar

  8. One final thing…. • Be nice!

  9. What is Cognitive Psychology?

  10. What is Cognitive Psychology? • Developed in the 1960’s • It is the scientific study of mental processes • Utilizes an experimental approach to studying the mind • Investigates processes such as perception, memory, attention, problem solving, decision making • Investigates which parts of the brain contribute to these processes

  11. Information processing models • Models that explain how stimuli are perceived processed, stored and recalled

  12. Sensation and Perception • Sensory organs receive new information from the environment • Sensory store occurs when one or more sensory organ forms an impression • Information is sent to working memory for processing • What is the difference between sensation and perception?

  13. Sensation and perception • Sensory organs receive new information from the environment • Sensory store occurs when one or more sensory organ forms an impression • Information is sent to working memory for processing • What is the difference between sensation and perception? • Sensation – assesses stimuli, but does not interpret it • Perception – interpretation of sensory information

  14. Working memory

  15. Working memory • Composed of short-term memory (content) and processing (attention, rehearsal etc) • Has limited capacity • Attention is key to working memory • Is the link between sensory information and long term memory • Information in working memory is rehearsed in a loop (rehearsal loop) • Phonological loop (words) • Visuo-spatial sketchpad (images)

  16. Long-term memory

  17. Long-term memory • Information stored long term • Created as a function of working memory and the rehearsal loop • Most memories stored in the temporal lobes • Memories can be implicit and explicit • Explicit: Also known as declarative, are memories that we are conscious of • Semantic – Memories of facts • Episodic – Memories of personal experience • Implicit: Also known as procedural, are memories without awareness

  18. Cerebral Cortex • The total surface area of the cerebral cortex is approximately 2,200 to 2,400 cm2 • 2/3 of this folding is confined within the depths of the sulci

  19. GYRUS SULCUS Anatomical LocalizationSulci and Gyri SULCUS FISSURE GYRUS Source: Ludwig & Klingler, 1956, in Tamraz & Comair, 2000

  20. Why is the cortex folded?

  21. Why is the cortex folded? • Can squeeze more area into a smaller space • Neurons are brought closer together to each other

  22. The lobes Sylvian Fissure

  23. Beneath the cortex • Limbic System • Diencephalon c. 2008 Pearson Allyn & Bacon

  24. How might we determine where in the brain processes are localized?

  25. How might we determine where in the brain processes are localized? • Study of patients with brain damage • Neuroimaging techniques • Transient lesion techniques

  26. Localization of function • Phineas Gage • Explosion forced a steel rod through his skull • Damaged his frontal lobes • Suffered from major personality changes • Retained speech and many other cognitive functions

  27. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) • Measures Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) response • Indirect measure of neural activity • Used to map function of brain • Correlative links between brain and behavior

  28. Electroencephalography (EEG)

  29. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) • How does it work? • Electromagnetic Induction • Advantages? • Creates ‘virtual lesions’ • Safe and reversible • Good temporal and spatial resolution • Causative links between brain and behavior • Uses? • Map functions of cortex • Clinical applications

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