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The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Ted Nowak Spencer Harstead Jimmy He Nina Kuang. Abstract. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking Russia's exit from World War I.

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The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

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  1. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Ted Nowak Spencer Harstead Jimmy He Nina Kuang

  2. Abstract • The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking Russia's exit from World War I. • This power point will cover the condition of Western Europe before after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. This will be primarily focused on Russia, and Germany. The power point will also be cover the effects of signing the treaty.

  3. Before the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

  4. War in Russia • German troops had advanced into Russia with great success. • War in Russia was becoming increasingly devastating. • Tensions continued to rise in the working class as well as in the military. • Living conditions were becoming unbearable.

  5. “…our troops are nearly in Petersburg, and further over on the southern front, Kiev has been occupied, while in the last week we have captured the following men and items of equipment: 6,800 officers, 54,000 men, 2,400 guns, 5,000 machine-guns, 8,000 railway trucks, 8,000 locomotives, 128,000 rifles and 2 million rounds of artillery ammunition.” • Herbert Sulzbach, diary entry (3rd March, 1918)

  6. Conditions in Russia • The people of Russia waited in line to get food and wood for heat. • Strikes and riots increased in number • Soldiers that were ordered to put down the disturbances either disobeyed or joined the riots. • Vladimir Lenin and the communist Bolsheviks increasingly rose to power.

  7. The Bolshevik Revolution • Civil war within Russia happened. • Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky, the Bolsheviks emerged on top. • The Bolsheviks now looked to get the new Soviet Union out of the war as soon as possible. • The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk became the only way out. Vladimir Lenin Leon Trotsky

  8. Treaty of Brest-Trotsky

  9. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey are no longer at war with Russia.  (Article 1) • No military or governmental propaganda will be made against the other parties. • This applies to The Quadruple Alliance as much as it does to Russia. (Article 2)

  10. A Russo-German commission will decide who gets the disputed territory between their countries. (Shaded areas) • Russia has no control over these territories. • Germany and Austria-Hungary will determine the future status of these territories. (Article 3) • Russia will return Anatolia to Turkey. • Russia will not interfere with the districts of Erdehan, Kars, and Batum. (Article 4)

  11. Full Russian Demobilization. • Arctic Ocean remains barred. (Article 5) • Russia must declare peace with Ukrainian People's Republic. They must clear troops and end propaganda in UPR as well as Estonia, Livonia, Finland, and the Aaland Islands • Prisoners of War from both parties will be released. (Article 8)

  12. There will be mutual renouncement of all • Diplomatic and consular relations between the contracting parties will be resumed immediately upon the ratification of the treaty of peace. (Article 10) • Legal relations will be regulated in separate treaties. (Article 12) • The present treaty of peace will be ratified in Berlin. (Article 14)

  13. Evaluation of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

  14. Russian Reasoning For Brest-Litovsk • Lenin believed that Russia was unable to continue on fighting and had no choice to accept the treaty. • Lenin believed that by accepting the treaty, the Bolshevik coup would influence others, and ultimately lead to a European revolution.

  15. Effects of the Treaty • The Bolshevik perspective of the loss of Ukraine and the Baltics would create “bases of dangerous anti-Bolshevik military activity in the Russian Civil War” • The signing of the treaty sparked anger of Russian nationalists and revolutionaries because of the Bolshevik’s acceptance of the treaty and joined forces to fight them. • Polish-Soviet war was started as a result of violent struggles. However was terminated by the Treaty of Riga. Poland and the Baltic states emerged as independent countries. • Lead to Soviet invasion of Poland and Finland during WWII.

  16. Domestic Consequences • Great reduction of the Russian EmpireRussia lost: • 26% of its population • 32% of arable land • 33% of its manufacturing industry • 75% of its coal and iron resources • Placed the already weak Russian economy in jeopardy.

  17. International Consequences • Unintentionally provided supplemental resources to Germany. • Almost restarted war on the eastern border of Germany • Potentially could have extended World War I

  18. Benefits • Development of new nations from former Russian territory such as: • Poland • Estonia • Latvia • Lithuania • Belarus • Ukraine

  19. Ending of the Treaty • The Treaty only last 8 ½ months before it was renounced. • Germany broke diplomatic relations with Russia. • Ottoman Empire invaded Democratic Republic of Armenia • Russia declared the treaty null and void on November 13, 1918.April 1922 – The Treaty of Rapallo: Germany accepted the Treaty’s nullification. • Both abandoned all war-related territorial and financial claims against each other.

  20. Credits • Evaluation of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and its effects – [Nina Kuang] • Sources: • Morris, Terry and Derrick Murphy. Europe 1870 - 1991. Hammersmith: HarperCollinsPublishers, 2000. pg. 219, 222 • Viault, Birdsall S. Modern European History. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc., 1990. 410 • Image: http://www.warchat.org/pictures/world_war_i_1914-1918_treaty_brest-litovsk_1.jpg • http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/files/images/stories/artillery/artillery-010.jpg

  21. Credits • Before the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - [Ted Nowak] • Sources: • Trueman, Chris. Russia and World War I. History Learning Site. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/russia_and_world_war_one.htm> • ThinkQuest. Russia Under Lenin. <http://library.thinkquest.org/C0112205/leninsrussia.html> • Image: http://www.isfp.co.uk/images/vladimir_lenin.jpg • Image: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Leon_trotsky.jpg • Simkin, John. Spartacus Educational. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWbrest.htm>

  22. Credits • Interpretation of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk – [Spencer Harstead] • Sources: • http://www.gwpda.org/1918/brestlitovsk.htm • Effects of the Treaty – [Jimmy He] • Sources: • http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/The_Peace_Treaty_of_Brest-Litovskhttp://www.spiritus-temporis.com/treaty-of-brest-litovsk/lasting-effects-of-the-treaty.htmlhttp://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treaty_of_brest-litovsk.htm • http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0808863.html

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