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Hybrid Carbon-Bismuth Nanoparticle Electrodes for Energy Storage Applications

1. Hybrid Carbon-Bismuth Nanoparticle Electrodes for Energy Storage Applications. Trevor Yates, Junior, University of Cincinnati Adam McNeeley, Pre-Junior, University of Cincinnati William Barrett, Sophomore, University of Cincinnati GRA: Abhinandh Sankar AC: Dr. Anastasios Angelopoulos.

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Hybrid Carbon-Bismuth Nanoparticle Electrodes for Energy Storage Applications

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  1. 1 Hybrid Carbon-Bismuth Nanoparticle Electrodes for Energy Storage Applications Trevor Yates, Junior, University of Cincinnati Adam McNeeley, Pre-Junior, University of Cincinnati William Barrett, Sophomore, University of Cincinnati GRA: Abhinandh Sankar AC: Dr. Anastasios Angelopoulos

  2. 2 Why is renewable energy important? 1. 86.4% of the world’s energy supply is based around fossil fuels 2. At least millions of years for dead organisms to decompose and transform 3. Energy demand doubles every 14 years “By the year 2020, world energy consumption is projected to increase an additional 207 quadrillion (2.07 x 1017) BTUs. If the global consumption of renewable energy sources remains constant, the world’s available fossil fuel reserves will be consumed within 104 years.” - USDepartment of Energy, 2010

  3. 3 Purpose http://img.wallpaperstock.net:81/windmills-wallpapers_22092_1600x1200.jpg Carbon-Bismuth Studies Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium Studies http://www.messib.eu/assets/images/VRB_1_general_layout_VRFB.jpg

  4. 4 http://www.digsdigs.com/photos/fiedler-house-christmas-lights-1.jpg

  5. 5 Cost Analysis: 1 KW Unit Total: $64 (153 L electrolyte) + $500 (4 x 50 L Tanks) + $110 (1 hp pump) + $40 (2 electrodes) + $2,634 (26.34 ft2 membrane) = $3,348

  6. 6 Introduction • Basic Electrochemistry • Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries • Cyclic Voltammetry • Application Methods • Research Parameters • Results and Interpretations • Future Studies

  7. 7 Electrochemistry • The study of the flow of electrons in chemical reactions • Redox Reactions • Anode and Cathode • Reaction Potentials

  8. 8 http://www.messib.eu/assets/images/VRB_1_general_layout_VRFB.jpg

  9. 9 Cyclic Voltammetry • Voltage Sweep • Between two set values • Current Peaks • Scan Rates • Determined by user

  10. 10 Layer by Layer Standard Bismuth Bismuth Tin (Sn) Directed Tin (Sn) Carbon Polymer Polymer Carbon Polymer

  11. 11 What we Have Learned... • Polymer important for LbL • NaOH wash helpful • Particles deteriorate • Glovebox • Carbon Stabilizes Bismuth • sLbL is better than dLbL 4Bi + 3O22Bi2O3

  12. 12 Carbon No Carbon

  13. 13 sLbL dLbL

  14. 14 Vanadium Studies • Negative electrode • V3+/V2+ • Reduction reaction happens near H+reduction • Electrocatalyst

  15. 15 Bismuth as an Electrocatalyst • Makes it easier for electrochemical reaction to happen • Terms of Cyclic Voltammetry • Shifts peak currents closer together • Increases peak current heights

  16. 16 8/Carbon-Bismuth 8/Carbon 4/Carbon-Bismuth

  17. 17 Ipcand Ipa • Ipc • Cathodic peak current • Bottom peak • Ipa • Anodic peak current • Top peak

  18. 18 How to Calculate Ipcand Ipa • Have to extrapolate line • Finding a “baseline” • Why? • Glassy Carbon produces current • This is considered zero

  19. 19

  20. 20 Ipcand IpaResults

  21. 21 Interpretations • Carbon has little effect on reaction • Bismuth improves reversibility and peak current • Increasing amount also improves reversibility and peak current

  22. 22 Future Studies • Why Carbon stabilizes Bismuth peaks • Scanning electron microscope • Characterize what’s occurring • Scale up production • Quantify improvement on VRFB performance

  23. 23 Timeline

  24. 24 Thank You NSF! Grant ID No. 0756921 EEC: 1004623

  25. 25 References 1. http://www.energy.gov/science-innovation/energy-sources 2. http://www.ecology.com/2011/09/06/fossil-fuels-renewable-energy-resources/ 3. http://www.messib.eu/assets/images/VRB_1_general_layout_VRFB.jpg 4. http://www.digsdigs.com/photos/fiedler-house-christmas-lights-1.jpg 5. http://img.wallpaperstock.net:81/windmills-wallpapers_22092_1600x1200.jpg

  26. 26 References Continued • 6. Zhenguo Yang, Jianlu Zhang, et al. “Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid” Chemical    Reviews, 2010 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States. • 7. Dennis H. Evans, Kathleen M. O’Connell, et al. “Cyclic Voltammetry” Journal of Chemical Education, 1983 University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706. • 8. David J. Suarez, Zoraida Gonzalez, et al. “Graphite Felt Modified with Bismuth Nanoparticles as Negative Electrode in a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery” CHEMSUSCHEM, 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. • 9. Gareth Kear, Akeel A. Shah, and Frank C. Walsh. “Development of the all-vanadium redox flow battery for energy storage: a review of technological, financial and policy aspects” International Journal of Energy Research, 2012 Electrochemical Engineering Laboratory, Energy Technology Research Group, School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.

  27. 27 Questions?

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