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Borders in embassy networks : how diplomacy contribute to a new regionalisation of Europe

Borders in embassy networks : how diplomacy contribute to a new regionalisation of Europe . 4 th EUGEO Congress, Rome, 6 September 2013 Antoine Laporte Assistant professor Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon – University of Lyon Research Unit – EVS 5600 (Environnement, Ville, Société). ?.

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Borders in embassy networks : how diplomacy contribute to a new regionalisation of Europe

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  1. Borders in embassy networks : how diplomacy contribute to a new regionalisation of Europe 4th EUGEO Congress, Rome, 6 September 2013 Antoine Laporte Assistant professor Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon – University of Lyon Research Unit – EVS 5600 (Environnement, Ville, Société)

  2. ?

  3. This worktakes part of an ESPON Program called ITAN for « Integrated Territorial Analysis of the Neighbourhood » • http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_AppliedResearch/itan.html • Question on the integration of EuropeanUnion’sneighbour countries

  4. Methodology • In the ESPON ITAN Project • 43 capital cities / countries investigated • 28 EU member states • 3 ESPON member states not-included in EU (Iceland, Norway and Switzerland) • 6 Balkan countries • 6 East and South-East EU neighbouring countries

  5. Number of embassies of each states among the 43 countries investigated In the 43 countries investigated, the country has From 10 to 19 embassies More than 40 embassies From 5 to 9 embassies From 30 to 39 embassies Less than 5 embassies From 20 to 29 embassies

  6. Resident embassies and non-resident embassies Countries with which Iceland has : Countries with which Iceland has : no diplomatic relations diplomatic relations diplomatic relations and a resident embassy Link to the resident embassy

  7. C. Aubrun

  8. and C. Aubrun

  9. Hypothesis • Where do the different countries in the world locatetheirembassies in Europe ? To whichembassies are linked the countries that do not house residentembassies ? • Hypothesis 1 : Distance principle Are these links directed to capital citieslocated in neighbourcountries? Or at least not toofar? • Hypothesis 2 : Border principle Do these links cross more bordersbetween countries which are EU or Schengen members? • Hypothesis 3 : Regionprinciple Do these links create new Europeansub-regions, withweakbordersinside and biggeroutside?

  10. Hypothesis 1 Dependency to neighbour countries Intensity of flows to neighbour country Less than 5 non-resident embassies Less than 10% of … From 10 to 30% of … From 30 to 50% of … From 50 to 70% of … From 70 to 90% of … More than 90% of … …the non-resident embassies are linked to an embassy located in a neighbour country Mean : 63,7 %

  11. Hypothesis 1 Distance to resident embassies Distance between the non-resident embassy in the capital city investigated and its corresponding embassy More than 1000 km From 700 to 1000 km From 400 to 700 km Less than 400 km Less than 5 non-resident embassies

  12. Hypothesis 1 Eastern countries Western countries (Cold War definition) 64,9 % 73,5 % Percentage of corresponding resident embassies within : 42,5 % 41,9 % 1000 km 69 % 500 km 42 % 74,2 % 54,1 % 54,1 % 45,4 % 33,1 % EU members Non-EU members

  13. Hypothesis 2 Crossing EU borders Less than 5 non-resident embassies More than 90% of … From 70 to 90% of … From 50 to 70% of … From 30 to 50% of … From 10 to 30% of … Less than 10% of … …the links cross the EU border

  14. Hypothesis 2 Crossing Schengen borders Less than 5 non-resident embassies More than 90% of … From 70 to 90% of … From 50 to 70% of … From 30 to 50% of … From 10 to 30% of … Less than 10% of … …the links cross the Schengen area border

  15. Hypothesis 2 Crossing the former Iron Curtain Less than 5 non-resident embassies More than 90% of … From 70 to 90% of … From 50 to 70% of … From 30 to 50% of … From 10 to 30% of … Less than 10% of … …the links cross the former border between East and West

  16. Hypothesis 3 Europe’s diplomacy regionalization The countries are linked, if a country is dependant for at least 20% of its non-resident embassies to another country

  17. Hypothesis 3 Europe’s diplomacy regionalization Group of countries with strong links * totally independant group no strong link Brussels, London and Paris group Stockholm group Berlin and Vienna group Rome group Bucharest and Kiev group* Belgrade group* Sofia group* Ankara and Moscow group*

  18. Hypothesis 3 Europe’s diplomacy regionalization A country is linked to another if it is the main destination of its non-resident embassies

  19. Hypothesis 3 Europe’s diplomacy regionalization Main links * totally independant group no main link directed to this country London group Stockholm group Berlin and Vienna group Paris group Rome group Moscow group*

  20. Concludingremarks • Bordersare crossed a lot, but not always on the line form • No higherdiscrepancywhere the national borders are also EU or Schengen borders. Dependency relations with a smooth structure from West to East • Verystrongintegration for Switzerland, Norway and Iceland • Strongintegration of the Balkan periphery • Diplomaticindependance for Turkey, the Ukraine and Russia

  21. Thank you for your attention !

  22. BSNC : Black Sea Neighbouring Countries

  23. Crossing the former Iron Curtain Links to

  24. Links from

  25. Links from & to

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