The Middle Ages II 590-1517

1. The Middle Ages II590-1517 Charlemagne and the rise of Islam

2. The Heliand (Saxon Gospel) Circa 8th century Fadar ûsa firiho barno, thu bist an them hôhon himila rîkea, geuuîhid sî thîn namo uuordo gehuuilico. Cuma thîn craftag rîki. Uuerða thîn uuilleo obar thesa uuerold alla, sô sama an erðo, sô thar uppa ist an them hôhon himilo rîkea. Gef ûs dago gehuuilikes râd, drohtin the gôdo, thîna hêlaga helpa, endi alât ûs, hebenes uuard, managoro mênsculdio, al sô uue ôðrum mannum dôan. Ne lât ûs farlêdean lêða uuihti sô forð an iro uuilleon, sô uui uuirðige sind, ac help ûs uuiðar allun ubilon dâdiun.

3. Charlemagne the Great 747-814 • Charles + Magnus = charlesmagnus => Charlemagne • Karl der Große –german • Karel de Grote – dutch • Carolus Magnus - latin

5. Charlemagne the Great 747-814 • Great Christian king of the Franks • Conquered much of the western world, especially to protect the bishop of Rome • The “Moses of the middle ages” • Powerful warrior – 53 military campaigns • Expanded his empire by 2x

6. Charlemagne the Great 747-814 • Strong and well built man • He loved baths • Great statesman- gave audiences while getting dressed • Intelligent and religious • Very charitable, gave alms, built bridges, and churches • Recorded laws and German tradition • Started schools – yay public education

7. Charlemagne the Great 747-814 • Interesting marriage life • 5 wives in short order then settled down with 4-5 concubines • Beheaded 4500 prisoners in one day, then split up their families across the empire. • Rumored to have “loved” his daughters a bit tooo much.

8. Charlemagne the Great 747-814 • Rode into Rome to rescue Pope Leo III from an uprising • He was “surprised” by being crowned the Holy Roman Emperor in 800AD • This begins the Holy Roman Empire the combination between a German king and an Italian Pope.

15. Mohammed 570-632

16. Mohammed 570-632 • Born 570 AD in Mecca with miraculous signs accompanying • Epileptic • Goat herder and caravan attendant • At 25 married a 40 yr. old rich widow Kadija • Remained Married for 25 years until Kadija’s death, he then married at least 11 other women

17. Mohammed 570-632 • Spent his time in meditation • At 40 he had a vision of Gabriel telling him to read • Doubted his calling as a prophet, initially ascribing it to demons, but was reassured by his wife Kadija.

18. Mohammed 570-632 • 622 the Hegira(Mohammed’s flight from Mecca to Medina) takes place • Not having income, the Muslims become warrior bandits. • 624 major victory in the Battle of Uhud • Massacred ~700 Jews and sold their families into slavery • 627-630 consolidation of power and the conquest of Mecca

19. Mohammed 570-632 • After conquering Mecca he emptied and rededicated the Ka’aba • He consolidated rule of Arabia, then sent out missionaries to convert the world. • He died in the arms of Aishah June 8, 632

20. Mohammed 570-632 • Generally patient and kind • When provoked entirely pitiless • After Kadija he became a severe polygamist • His favorite wife Aishah, he betrothed when she was 6 and consummated when she was 9(he was 53) • 8th wife Zaynab was his cousin and daughter in law • He gave women some rights, though by no means equality with man

21. Islam Five or Six Pillars of Islam • “There is no god but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet” • Praying 5 times a day towards Mecca • Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once • Giving alms for pious and charitable Purposes • Fasting from Sunrise to Sunset during Ramadan • (optional) Jihad

22. Reasons for the Spread of Islam • Fanaticism • Monotheistic • Corruption of the Byzantine Empire • Replacement of government only • Anti-icon • Better Generals