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Protestant Reformation

Protestant Reformation. Protestant – Protest Movement against Roman Catholic church because they thought it was corrupt. Martin Luther- 1510 Indulgences 1517- 95 Thesis. Separating from the Church. Protestants-Wanted to Reform Catholic Church

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Protestant Reformation

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  1. Protestant Reformation • Protestant – Protest Movement against Roman Catholic church because they thought it was corrupt. • Martin Luther- 1510 • Indulgences • 1517- 95 Thesis

  2. Separating from the Church • Protestants-Wanted to Reform Catholic Church • Puritans- Arose during Queen Elizabeth’s Reign 1558- 1603. A protestant group wanted to reform the Church of England.(1534 Henry VIII changed England’s religion from Catholic to Anglican and called in the Church of England. • Separatists- Were extreme Puritans who cut all ties with the Church of England and started their own Churches. The church begins to persecute them.

  3. Jamestown • 1607 Jamestown, Virginia • Indentured servants- colonists who signed a contract to work for 4- 7 years to those whom paid their ship fair to get to the colonies from England

  4. Jamestown • Charter given by King James I in 1606 • Funded by Joint Stock Companies specifically the Virginia Company of London • 3 ships arrived off the coast of Virginia in 1607. • Set on the edge of a swamp • Salt water contaminated wells • Poor drainage for septic • John Smith myth of Pocahontas • 1609-10 Starving Time. Pop went from almost 600 to 60

  5. Jamestown Church today

  6. Separating from the Church

  7. Pilgrims • Pilgrims- were a group of Separatists who wanted to leave the persecution in England so they left and moved to the Netherlands.

  8. Pilgrims • However, they were not happy about the culture change and jobs available in the Netherlands so they went back to England to petition for permission to settle in Virginia

  9. Jenny Grist Mill built 1636

  10. On September 16, 1620 the Pilgrims left on the Mayflower. However, they overshot their landing and went to far north and were outside of the English Territory. So they established their own colony and wrote the Mayflower compact- which is the first form of self-government.

  11. Maryland • George Calvert ( also known as Lord Baltimore) was Catholic and a good friend of the new King Charles I. Who was also a closet Catholic. George Calvert wanted to establish a colony that provided a safe haven for Catholics. He died before this happened but his son, Cecil, ( the second Lord Baltimore) did obtain a charter from King Charles I in 1632. The colony was called Maryland.

  12. Massachusetts • Puritan Dissenters led by John Winthrop left England in 1630. • 11 ships carrying 900 settlers • “Model of Christian charity” • “ Like a City upon a Hill”

  13. Rhode Island • Founded by Roger Williams • Strict Separatist- said it was corrupt to stay tied to Anglican Church • Williams and 5 others founded Providence in 1636. • Different religions were tolerated, not suppressed.

  14. Portsmouth • Founded by Anne Hutchison and others who left Boston after Anne Hutchison’s trial- ( she was banished from Massachusetts).

  15. Connecticut • 1636 Rev. Thomas Hooker. • “foundation of authority is laid in the consent of the governed” he thought all should be able to vote not just land owners. So he asked the General Court of Massachusetts to allow he and his followers to leave. • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

  16. New Hampshire and Maine • New Hampshire- est. by Captain John Mason from his landholdings north of Massachusetts. • 1677 Mason’s colony was challenged by England and England took over control • Maine- est. by Sir Fernando Georges from his land holdings north of Massachusetts. • Massachusetts bought Maine form Georges heirs and Maine remained part of Massachusetts until 1820.

  17. King Phillip’s(Metacomet) War • Native Americans and settlers in New England had a good relationship. However by the 1670’s the fur trade had declined, which had kept the peace between Natives and settlers. • 1675 settlers executed 3 Wamponoag Indians for murders. The Wamponoag attacked. Their leader was Metacomet- also known as King Philip. Colonists won war in 1678- virtually no Indians were left in New England after that.

  18. English Civil War • King Charles I- 1642 abolished Parliament • 1649 King Charles I- beheaded. • Interregnum- Oliver Cromwell took power away from Charles I son( who should have been king) • 1658 Cromwell dies. Charles II takes power of the throne • Charles II -1660 becomes King and restores Parliament

  19. New York • Charles II wanted the land between Maryland and Connecticut that was originally controlled by Dutch. This land would link Virginia and Maryland to New England • Henry Hudson had originally claimed this land for the Dutch calling it New Neatherlands • By 1660 the English and Dutch had become rivals over trade in this region. • Charles II took this region from the Dutch in 1664 and named his brother James, the Duke of York and the region was then renamed New York

  20. New Jersey • Delaware bay and the Connecticut River were also taken by Charles II • James( Charles II brother) gave this land to his close advisors and it was named New Jersey • To get settlers large land grants were given • Freedom of Religion • Citizens could peacefully assemble • Many Puritans settled

  21. Pennsylvania • King Charles II owed money to William Penn’s father who was now dead. To pay the debt Penn and his Quaker followers were given an area of land that was across the Delaware River from New Jersey • Inner Light • Philadelphia “City of Brotherly Love” • Pacifism • Holy Experiment

  22. Southern Colonies • The land from Virginia to Spanish owned Florida was given by Charles II to eight of his friends. This would become the southern Colonies

  23. North Carolina • 1670 • Not very populated • By 1700 only 3,000 settlers lived there due to lack of trade harbors

  24. South Carolina • Est 1670 • Sugarcane • Deerskins • Captured and enslaved Natives

  25. Georgia • 1720 James Oglethorpe and member of England’s Parliament made a colony for the debtors of England • Banned slavery • Banned alcohol • 1750’s repealed ban on alcohol • 1750 trustees had their own elected assembly • 1751 Georgia was given back to England and became and English Colony

  26. Navigation Acts • 1660 King Charles II passed law that said • All goods going to and from colonies travel on English Ships • Colonist could only sell: Sugar, cotton, wool, tobacco, lumber, indigo and other products to England. • 1663 Charles II passed law that all imports coming to the Colonies from other countries must stop at England first and pay a tax • Massachusetts disregarded law and began to smuggle goods. Charles II revokes their charter and Massachusetts becomes and Royal colony in 1664

  27. Dominion of New England • James II wanted to consolidate the English colonies and control them more closely than his predecessors . • He began by revoking the Royal Charters and placing them under a single new administrative system which he called the Dominion of New England. • A power council and governor that he picked would rule New England.

  28. 1686 James II merged Massachusetts, Plymouth and Rhode Island into the Dominion of New England • 1687 Connecticut and New Jersey • 1688 New York

  29. No longer could representative assemblies meet • Colonist had very little access to the elitist courts • Taxes were raised • Land deeds were revoked

  30. Glorious Revolution 1688 • James II King of England- first Catholic Monarch in almost 130 years. • Daughter: Mary • Son in Law: William of Orange

  31. Parliament and James II son in law Prince William of Orange along with his wife Mary (James II daughter) plan an overthrow of James II. • Willliam of Orange and Mary are both Protestant • James II is overthrown in 1688 and the Protestant Monarchy is restored. This is called the Glorious Revolution.

  32. William and Mary become King William and Queen Mary • They must accept the English Bill of Rights that Parliament wants

  33. English Bill of Rights • The English Bill of Rights • Excludes all Catholics from Monarchy • Establishes the supremacy of Parliament • Protects basic rights of citizens to: assemble, petition, trial by jury, and bans cruel and unusual punishment. • Protestants can take up arms in their defense • Once word got to the colonies all the land, etc that James II had taken away was restored.

  34. John Locke • Sometimes revolution is justified • Monarch’s right to rule came from the people • Natural rights- Life, liberty and property • State of Nature • Social Contract

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