Pertemuan 14 Enhancing management decision making: EIS dan Sispak

1. Pertemuan 14Enhancing management decision making: EIS dan Sispak Matakuliah : TI307/SistemInformasi Tahun : 2012 Versi : 1

2. Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : • Mahasiswa dapat Menghubungkan kebutuhan perusahaan dalam pengambilan keputusan dengan Sistem Pakar dan EIS (C4)

3. Outline Materi • Peran Eksekutif • Perbaikan dari EIS • EIS berbasis komputer • Implementasi keputusan EIS • Critical Success Factor • Future Trends • Kecerdasan Buatan • Model Sistem Pakar

4. Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 11 Enhancing Management Decision-Making for the Digital Firm EXECUTIVE SUPPORT IN THE ENTERPRISE • Executive Support Systems (ESS): • Information system at strategic level of an organization • Addresses unstructured decision-making through advanced graphics and communications

5. Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 11 Enhancing Management Decision-Making for the Digital Firm EXECUTIVE SUPPORT IN THE ENTERPRISE The Role of Executive Support Systems in the Organization • Brings together data from the entire organization • Allows managers to select, access, and tailor data • Enables executive and any subordinates to look at the same data in the same way

6. Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 11 Enhancing Management Decision-Making for the Digital Firm EXECUTIVE SUPPORT IN THE ENTERPRISE The Role of Executive Support Systems in the Organization • Developing ESS: • Ease of use • Facility for environmental scanning • External and internal sources of information to be used for environmental scanning

7. Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 11 Enhancing Management Decision-Making for the Digital Firm EXECUTIVE SUPPORT IN THE ENTERPRISE Benefits of Executive Support Systems • Analyzes, compares, and highlights trends • Provides greater clarity and insight into data • Speeds up decision-making

8. Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 11 Enhancing Management Decision-Making for the Digital Firm EXECUTIVE SUPPORT IN THE ENTERPRISE Benefits of Executive Support Systems • Improves management performance • Increases management’s span of control • Better monitoring of activities

9. Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 11 Enhancing Management Decision-Making for the Digital Firm EXECUTIVE SUPPORT IN THE ENTERPRISE Executive Support Systems and the Digital Firm • ESS for business intelligence: • Identifies changing market conditions • Formulates responses • Tracks implementation efforts • Learns from feedback

10. Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 11 Enhancing Management Decision-Making for the Digital Firm EXECUTIVE SUPPORT IN THE ENTERPRISE Executive Support Systems and the Digital Firm • Monitoring corporate performance: • balanced scorecard systems • Model for analyzing firm performance • Supplements traditional financial measures with measurements from additional business perspectives

11. EIS Features • A central purpose • A common core of data • Two principal methods of use • Retrieve reports • Conduct analyses • A support organization • EIS coach • EIS chauffeur From Rockart and Treacy 16-11

12. An EIS Model Information requests Personal computer Executive database Information displays Executive workstation To other executive workstation To other executive workstation Corporate database Make corporate information available Electronic mailboxes Current news, explanations Software library Corporate mainframe External data and information 16-12

13. An EIS Model Information requests Executive workstation Executive database Information displays To other executive workstation To other executive workstation Corporate database Make corporate information available Current news, explanations Electronic mailboxes Corporate mainframe Software library External data and information 16-13

14. Dialogue Between Executive and EIS • Typically by a series of menus, keyboarding is minimized • Drill down to specific information needed from the overview level 16-14

15. An Information Display That Includes a Computer-Generated Narrative Explanation MEDIAL INTERNATIONAL GROUP MIG Product Profitability Analysis Magazines in Europe have been performing poorly. While sales are up, production costs have soared. This is due to the labor disputes in the pulp and paper industry. Starting next month, costs should be back in line with earlier projections. x 1 0 0 Actual Planned Variance %Variance Newspapers 1,421,709 1,559,184 (137,475) (8.82) Magazines 490,855 518,687 (27,832) (5.37) Periodicals 1,912,564 2,077,872 (165,308) (7.96) 16-15

16. Incorporation ofManagement Concepts • Critical success factors • Management by exception • Mental model • Information compression 16-16

17. SALES SOURCE GLORIA YANDERS BILL BLASS SALES -$ IN MILLIONS AS OF NOVEMBER 1994 HISTORY BUDGET CURRENT ACTUAL FORECAST YEAR-END FORECAST CURRENT FORECAST YEAR TO DATE OVER/ UNDER MB Y-L O/U MB YR CURRENT O/ U PRIOR $949.8 $28.6 95 $2102.6 $ 8.0 699.0 1.2 96 2400.0 105.0 458.8 13.6 97 3130.0 98.0 $2107.6 $43.4 98 3390.0 58.0 99 2110.0 281.0 PROGRAM ACTUAL THIS MO LAST MO HERC $861.4 $30.7 $59.1 C-5B 621.9 0.3 4.5 OTHER 398.7 12.9 10.1 TOTAL $1,882.0 $43.9 $44.4 COMMENTSFAVORABLE VARIANCE PRIMARILY DUE TO TWO ADDITIONAL HERCULES SALES 16-17

18. EIS Implementation DecisionsThree Key Questions: 1. Do we need an EIS? 2. Is there application-development software available? 3. Should we purchase prewritten EIS software? 16-18

19. EIS Critical Success Factors Rockart and DeLong 1. Committed/informed executive sponsor 2. Operating sponsor 3. Appropriate information services staff 4. Appropriate information technology (IT) 5. Data management 6. Link to business objectives 7. Manage organizational resistance 8. Manage the spread and evolution 16-19

20. Prerequisite Activities for the EIS Information needs Information technology standards Analysis of Organization Corporate data model Information Systems Plan Purchasing and Performance Systems EIS 16-20

21. Future EIS Trends • Use will become commonplace • Decreasing software prices • Will influence MIS/DSS • The computer will always play a support role 16-21

22. Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 10 Managing Knowledge for the Digital Firm ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Capturing Knowledge: Expert Systems • Knowledge Base • Rule-based Expert System • Rule Base • Knowledge Frames

23. Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 10 Managing Knowledge for the Digital Firm Figure 10-9 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Rules in an AI Program

24. Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 10 Managing Knowledge for the Digital Firm ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Capturing Knowledge: Expert Systems • AI shell • Inference Engine • Forward Chaining • Backward Chaining

25. Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 10 Managing Knowledge for the Digital Firm Figure 10-10 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Frames to Model Knowledge

26. Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 10 Managing Knowledge for the Digital Firm Figure 10-11 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Inference Engines in Expert Systems

27. Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 10 Managing Knowledge for the Digital Firm ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Building an Expert System Knowledge engineer • Specialist eliciting information and expertise from other professionals • Translates information into set of rules, or frames, for an expert system • BlueCross BlueShield of North Carolina • Countrywide Funding Corp.

28. End of Session 14