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CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chapter 7

CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chapter 7. ORGANELLE OF FOCUS. OVERALL EQUATION. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy(ATP) Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP Adenosine triphosphate. VOCABULARY. Autotrophs

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CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chapter 7

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  1. CELLULAR RESPIRATIONChapter 7

  2. ORGANELLE OF FOCUS

  3. OVERALL EQUATION C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy(ATP) Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP Adenosine triphosphate

  4. VOCABULARY • Autotrophs • Organisms that are able to produce their own chemical energy (food), ex. plants • Heterotrophs • Organisms that obtain their chemical energy from other sources, by eating ex. animals • Cellular Respiration • Breaking down organic molecules to produce energy • Aerobic Respiration • Oxygen present for pathway of breaking down food • Anaerobic Respiration • No Oxygen present - causes an alternative pathway

  5. Focus on Aerobic Pathway for Cellular Respiration • STEPS • 1. Glycolysis – splits the glucose in half (6C to 3C), occurs in cytoplasm of cell • 2. Pyruvic acid conversion – loss of CO2 produces a product ready for the next step, occurs in mitochondria • 3. Kreb Cycle – breaks down the remaining carbons from what’s left of the glucose molecule, produces high energy products NADH and FADH2, , occurs in matrix of mitochondria

  6. Steps continued -4. Electron Transport Chain – a series of proteins along the inner membrane of mitochondria that pass e- * OXYGEN is the final acceptor of electrons * H+ build up powers ATP synthase (sound familiar)

  7. Glycolysishttp://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/biomi290/ASM/glycolysis.dcrGlycolysishttp://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/biomi290/ASM/glycolysis.dcr

  8. Pyruvic Acid Conversion Why twice?

  9. Kreb Cyclehttp://www2.nl.edu/jste/aerobic_respiration.htm Where does CO2 go? Where do NADH and FADH2 go?

  10. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter9/animations.html#

  11. Summary Chart

  12. WHAT HAPPENS IF NO OXYGEN IS PRESENT?? Can’t do Electron Transport Chain so… no use doing Kreb cycle. Why not? • NADH and FADH2 have nowhere to go if ETC not running.

  13. ANAEROBIC PATHWAYS • Alcohol Fermentation – organism produce alcohol from pyruvic acid ex. Yeast cells • Lactic Acid Fermentation – muscle cells not receiving enough oxygen so they produce lactic acid from pyruvic acid

  14. Alcohol Fermentation How many ATP? 2

  15. Lactic Acid Fermentation How many ATP? 2

  16. Pros and Cons of Lactic Acid Fermentation • Pros – your muscle will keep working even without sufficient oxygen

  17. Cons – you feel it, lactic acid causes sore muscles and cramping • Your body will get rid of lactic acid – it diffuses into blood and goes to liver where it is converted back to pyruvic acid – ready for O2 LIVER

  18. RECAPC6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP) • GLUCOSE becomes… • CO2 • Oxygen is needed… • to accept the electrons at the end of ETC • CO2 goes… • into blood, lungs, exhaled • Water is produced when… • O2 collects enough e- and H+ to become water • ATP is produced… • in glycolysis, Kreb Cycle and mainly in ETC due to chemiosmosis

  19. Pyruvic acid is made … • at the end of glycolysis (3C) • NADH and FADH2 carry … • Electrons and H+ to the ETC • Protons (H+) build up in the …due to… • Intermembrane space, ETC pushing them out • ATP synthase allows H+ to … and … • Back into the matrix, produces ATPs • If no oxygen, yeast produce… • ethanol • If no oxygen, muscle cells produce… • Lactic acid

  20. The ETC produces... • 34 ATPs • In aerobic respiration, Pyruvic acid is converted to… • Acetyl CoA • The molecule that must be recycled in the Kreb cycle is… • Oxaloacetic acid • The break down of one glucose gives… • 38 total ATP

  21. Autotrophs… • Make their own food/chemical energy • Heterotrophs… • Must eat other things to obtain chemical energy • Aerobic respiration requires… • Oxygen

  22. EAT AND BREATHE: IT’ GOOD FOR YOU!

  23. The other half of the story=PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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