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Behaviorism

Behaviorism. B. F. Skinner. Skinner’s Theory. “All we need to know in order to describe and explain behavior is this: actions followed by good outcomes are likely to recur , and actions followed by bad outcomes are less likely to recur.” (Skinner, 1953). B. F. Skinner

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Behaviorism

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  1. Behaviorism B. F. Skinner

  2. Skinner’s Theory “All we need to know in order to describe and explain behavior is this: actions followed by good outcomes are likely to recur , and actions followed by bad outcomes are less likely to recur.” (Skinner, 1953)

  3. B. F. Skinner Science of behavior: Study of conditioning and extinction of operants Dependent variable in the "Skinner box": rate of response Law of acquisition key variable: reinforcement practice provides opportunities for additional reinforcement

  4. LAW OF EFFECT Behavior Better state Increased of affairs probability of behavior occurring again Behavior Worse state Decreased of affairs probability of behavior occurring again Behavior A Behavior B Behavior C Better state Behavior C Behavior D of affairs emerges as the Behavior E most probable

  5. Laboratory Examples Operant Conditioning Exploring Scratching Key-pecking Grooming Defecating Urinating Pigeon Reinforcement (in a Skinner box) (food pellet)

  6. OPERANT CONDITIONING TECHNIQUES • POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT = increasing a behavior by administering a reward • NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT = increasing a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus when a behavior occurs • PUNISHMENT= decreasing a behavior by administering an aversive stimulus following a behavior OR by removing a positive stimulus • EXTINCTION = decreasing a behavior by not rewarding it

  7. LIMITED EFFECTS OF PUNISHMENT • Punishment does not teach appropriate behaviors • Must be delivered immediately & consistently • May result in negative side effects • Undesirable behaviors may be learned through modeling (aggression) • May create negative emotions (anxiety & fear)

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