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The Cold War. Dictatorship vs. Democracy. Dictator One person rules the country how they see fit. Democracy Everybody has the power and leaders elected often. Capitalist vs. Communist. Capitalist believe that property and industry should be privately owned. Communist
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Dictatorship vs. Democracy • Dictator • One person rules the country how they see fit. • Democracy • Everybody has the power and leaders elected often.
Capitalist vs. Communist • Capitalist • believe that property and industry should be privately owned. • Communist • believe that industry should be state-owned.
Who wanted what after WWII? • Stalin wanted huge reparations from Germany, and a ‘buffer’ of friendly states to protect the USSR from being invaded again. • Britain and the USA wanted to protect democracy, and help Germany to recover. They were worried that large areas of eastern Europe were falling under Soviet control.
Resentment • The Soviet Union could not forget that in 1918 Britain and the USA had tried to destroy the Russian Revolution. • Britain and the USA could not forget that Stalin had signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact with Germany in 1939.
Trust • Neither side trusted the other. • They were so different. • Every action they took made them hate each other more. • Russia and US alliance came to an end.
Yalta • Agreements • divide Germany into four ‘zones’, which Britain, France, the USA and the USSR would occupy after the war. • bring Nazi war-criminals to trial. • set up a Polish Provisional Government of National Unity 'pledged to the holding of free and unfettered elections as soon as possible'. • help the freed peoples of Europe set up democratic and self-governing countries by helping them to (a) maintain law and order; (b) carry out emergency relief measures; (c) set up governments; and (d) hold elections (this was called the 'Declaration of Liberated Europe'). • set up a commission to look into reparations.
Yalta • Things seemed to go good. • Tensions continued to grow though.
Potsdam • Kept plans from Yalta Conference • Soviet Union wanted more influence in Eastern Europe.
Atomic Bomb • Shifted who had the most power. • Truman’s attitude changes. • His attitude at the Conference became more aggressive, • He switched from pro-Soviet advisors (such as Davies) to anti-communist advisors such as Stimson and Byrnes. • He dropped the Bomb on Hiroshima to get the Japanese to surrender quickly, before Stalin had a chance to enter the war in the Pacific. • He developed an attitude of confrontation - 'I'm sick of babying the Soviets'.
Germany • When WWII came to an end Germany was split into 4 parts. • France, England, Russia, and United States controlled a section. • It was promised at Yalta and Potsdam that each country would control a section of Germany and put it back together when it was rebuilt. • The country was to become a democratic country.
Germany • Joseph Stalin broke his promise • Germany was split into East and West • West = Democratic • East = Communist
Salami Tactics • During 1946–47, Stalin made sure that Communist governments came to power in all the countries of eastern Europe (the countries which Russia had conquered in 1945). • The Hungarian Communist Rakosi described this process as ‘slicing salami’ – gradually getting rid of all opposition, bit-by-bit. In this way, Russia gained control of:
Iron Curtain • West Germany and Salami Tactics made a distinct difference in the East and West • The invisible line that separated the east and west was called the Iron Curtain by Churchill.
Communist Countries • Poor countries are more likely to become communist. • America wanted to help these countries not be poor.
Truman Doctrine • Believed in Containment • Stop the spread of communism • Did not want to destroy Russia • Just wanted to stop it from spreading • Gave money to poor countries to persuade them to stay democratic.
Marshall Plan • Through $17 billion dollars to the poor countries of Europe.
Berlins Importance • Berlin was on the border of the Communist East and Democratic West. • The heart of the Iron Curtin ran through Berlin
Berlin • Berlin had much of their industry taken from them. • Berlin becomes very poor • US wants to invade Berlin to give them much needed supplies but it would cause a war. • US decided to help out by air.
Berlin Airlift • A blockade of Berlin stopped supplies to making it in. • 275,000 flights dropped 1.5 million tons of supplies into Berlin. • The airlift helped but made tension worse between USSR and USA.
Countries Pick Sides • NATO • North Atlantic Treaty Organization • A group of democratic countries • Warsaw Pact • Communist respond to NATO • A group of Communist countries.
