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Israelites & Assyrians At Dor

Israelites & Assyrians At Dor. Treaty of Esarhaddon King of Assryia with Ba‛al King of Tyre, 676 BCE. Phoenician Dor early Iron age 11th-9th c. (Iron Ia – early Iron IIa). Phoenician made vessels traded to Dor but also made at dor. Cyprus made & TRADED VESSELS.

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Israelites & Assyrians At Dor

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  1. Israelites & Assyrians At Dor Treaty of Esarhaddon King of Assryia with Ba‛al King of Tyre, 676 BCE

  2. Phoenician Dorearly Iron age 11th-9th c. (Iron Ia – early Iron IIa) • Phoenician made vessels traded to Dor but also made at dor • Cyprus made & TRADED VESSELS • Dor made & TRADED VESSELS BACK TO CYPRUS • Canaanite kings ruled at dor-JUDGES 1:27 • JOSH 12:1 CLAIMS IT BECAME ISRAELITE

  3. IRON IIA - IIB - 980-720 (MIDDLE IRON AGE, 10TH - 8TH C.) Period of the Israelite monarchy

  4. IRON IIA - IIB - 980-720 (MIDDLE IRON AGE, 10TH - 8TH C.) Period of the Israelite monarchy - RELATIVE CHRONOLOGY - IRON IIC - 720-630 (LATE IRON AGE, LATE 8TH - 7TH C) Period of the Assyrian occupation LATE IRON IIC - 630-586 (late 7th - 6th) Period of the Babylonians Mazar, A. 2005. The Debate over the Chronology of the Iron Age in the Southern Levant

  5. @Dor Period of theIsraelite monarchy (LATE 9TH - 8TH C.) • 1 Kings 4:7-11 ..Solomon had twelve deputies over all Israel, who provided for the king and his household; each man had to provide for a month in the year..........Ben-abinadab, in all the height of Dor Taphath the daughter of Solomon was his wife • Solomon’s 4th district ? 8TH C. POTTERY Area D2, later Iron 2a “Taphat’s” building in new orientation

  6. Period of theIsraelite monarchy (LATE 9TH - 8TH C.) D5 “Boulder Building” / Fort Tower View looking north D5 Boulder Building

  7. Period of theIsraelite monarchy (LATE 9TH - 8TH C.) Later IRON IIA OR IIB 4-CHAMBERED GATE AND OFFSET-INSET CITY WALL ON THE EAST

  8. Mesopotamia (Iraq) is where civilization as we know it today first began with all its historic firsts -- the rise of cities, urban living, city planning, royal palaces, temples (and ziggurats like the Tower of Babylon), writing, arithmetic, astronomy (and astrology) accounting, law, irrigation, politics, leadership, city states, kingdoms, and conquering empires each with its own pantheon of polytheistic gods and attendant spirits.

  9. Assur, Assur & Assur THE HOLY TRINITY... • Country -> City -> God all have the same name!

  10. Tiglath-Pileser III (744-727) the “Father of the Neo-Assyrian Empire” & his successors -Shalmaneser V (726-722) Sargon II (722-705) & Sennacherib (705-681).... • the Golan and the Kingdom of Damascus 732 • Gilead in the northern part of Transjordan • Israelite Kingdom (Samaria destroyed 722, Israel 720) • the coastal regions of Southern Phoenicia (Sidon, Tyre, Dor) & Philistia (Gezer, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gaza, Raphia) 734, 732, DESTRUCTION & DEPORTATION IN...

  11. “Destruction” TAX / TRIBUTE / GIFTS POPULATION TRANSFERS HOSTAGES CONSCRIPTION UNSTABLE ECONOMY REORGANISED ADMINISTRATION DETHRONING MONARCHY DESTRUCTION OF ALL SOCIAL, ECONOMIC & POLITICAL ORDER

  12. Establish Assyrian Provinces • its varied approaches to the annexation of the Levant and its choices in developing certain areas such as the cities of Megiddo, Samaria, and Ashdod while others appear to decline, such as Hazor and Shechem (Gitin 1997, 82; Gal 1998, Finkelstein 2009, 122). • Was there a period under Assyrian occupation where people flourished- or is this a myth? (cf Bunimovitz & Lederman 2003; Fantalikin 2004). GILEAD MEGIDDO DOR(?) SAMARIA ASHDOD DESIGNED BY KAREN RADNER, DRAWN BY CORNELIE WOLFF

  13. Assyrians at Dor - A look at 4 topics CERAMICS TEXTS ARCHITECTURE SEALS

  14. “the way of the sea = DOR? THE LAND BEYOND JORDAN = THE GILEAD GALILEE OF THE NATIONS” = GALILEE [MEGIDDO] TEXTUAL EVIDENCE: NINEVEH DOCUMENTS • K 4384 II 16 and ADD 919+ II 3 mentions the city of Du’ru (DOR)-is this a List of Assyrian provinces? or a list of Assyrian Trading Centers (karum)? • THe Prophet ISAIAH refers to 3 Assyrian provinces? is one of them Dor? ISAIAH 8:23 FORRER 1920: 60-61; NA’AMAN 2009: 97-98

  15. TEXTUAL EVIDENCE: Treaty of Esarhaddon with Ba’al of Tyre 676 BCE IF A SHIP OF BA’AL OR OF THE PEOPLE OF TYRE IS SHIPWRECKED OFF THE LAND OF THE PHILISTINES OR WITHIN ASSYRIAN TERRITORY, EVERYTHING THAT IS ON THE SHIP BELONGS TO ESARHADDON, KING OF ASSYRIA; HOWEVER, NO HARM MAY BE DONE TO PERSONS ON BOARD THE SHIP, BUT THEY MUST ALL BE RETURNED TO THEIR COUNTRY. THESE ARE THE PORTS OF TRADE AND THE TRADE ROUTES OF ESARHADDON, KING OF ASSYRIA, EN[TRUSTED] TO HIS SERVANT BAAL: TOWARD Acco, Dor, IN THE ENTIRE DISTRICT OF THE Philistines, AND IN ALL THE CITIES WITHIN ASSYRIAN TERRITORY ON THE SEA COAST, AND IN GUBLA, THE LEBANON, ALL THE CITIES IN THE MOUNTAINS. -Philistia WAS A VERY IMPORTANT TRADE CENTER FOR ASSYRIA, OUTSIDE OF IT’S EMPIRE -Assyrian Acco FUNCTIONED AS A CENTER FOR ASSYRIAN-RULE IN THE REGION -Dor, THE ONLY CITY LISTED THAT LIES BETWEEN PHILISTIA & ACCO, WAS ALSO AN IMPORTANT TRADE STATION FOR THE ASSYRIANS

  16. IRON IIC - 7TH CENTURY 2-CHAMBER GATE B1/Phase 6 ASSYRIAN-STYLE DOOR-SOCKET

  17. CYPRIOT & PHOENICIAN IMPORTS Large Scale Industry

  18. TEL DOR CERAMICS: ASSYRIAN- STYLE SIDON VASSAL 738 - Palace ware IS FINE WARE MADE IN ASSYRIA FOR ELITES VASSAL 738 TYRE SHIKMONA DOR -bowls, bottles & goblets ARE FAVOURED ITEMS TO COPY -RARE Black ware ITEMS MAY COPY ASSYRIA TEL EN-NASBEH

  19. Palace ware

  20. Tel Dor CARINATED BOWL TEL DOR TEL JEMMEH

  21. TEL DOR TEL DOR CARMEL COAST LEBANESE COAST

  22. Mesopotamia?? BOTTLES Mazar,A & Ahituv,S_2011 Tel Reḥov in the Assyrian Period Squatters, Burials, and a Hebrew Seal Tel Dor

  23. TEL DOR GOBLETS ISRAEL HILL COUNTRY TEL ‘SERA

  24. TEL DOR B10219/5 BLACK WARE • Jordan valley, • Southern shephelah, • northern negev

  25. TEL DOR BLACK WARE • israel hill country

  26. SEALS: DEPICTING CULTIC SCENES • Barrel-shaped, late 8th-7th c. Assyrian-styled cultic scene; locally made • Istar with a female worshipper(?) holding a bowl (?) (ORNAN 2001:244)

  27. WHO IS THE Judean “QUEEN OF HEAVEN” MENTIONED IN JEREMIAH 44 ? The Title “Queen of Heaven” • The Babylonian-Assyrian -> Istar • The West Semitic goddesses -> Anat & Astarte ISTAR-OF-THE-STARS NEO-ASSYRIAN SEAL Jeremiah mentions the people made and offered up cakes / kawwânîm to this goddess... IT IS ARGUED THAT THE QUEEN OF HEAVEN IS A HYBRID-CULT FUSING ASSYRIAN AND LOCAL ELEMENTS TOGETHER

  28. Istar from Israel • Istar is standing on a lion, with hand raised in blessing towards a petitioner, a cultic stand lies between them • Above are the Pleiades (7 stars), winged disc and crescent ISTAR ON SILVER PENDANT, TEL MIQNE ITS ROUGH CRAFTMANSHIP SHOWS IT IS LOCALLY MADE, DEPICTS AN ASSYRIAN SCENE, BUT SHOWS PHOENICIAN INFLUENCES (Ornan 2001:238)

  29. AND IT CONTINUES... IN 1954- POPE PIUS XII OFFICIALLY DECLARED MARY THE QUEEN OF HEAVEN

  30. Those in Power, Influence... HEZEKIAH’S EGYPTIAN-STYLED LMLK SEALS LATE 8TH CENTURY ROSETTE SEAL 7TH-6TH CENTURY Ezekiel 1:26) PERSONAL HEBREW SEAL 7TH CENTURY 4TH CENTURY COIN OF SUN DEITY YWH

  31. Other Gods... • Tammuz the husband of Istar is also mentioned in the Bible (Ezekiel 8:14-15) • “women weeping for Tammuz” refers to the annual mourning of the death of Tammuz - he was the life-death-rebirth god DUMUZI / TAMMUZ 3200 BCE

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