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Organizing the periodic table

Organizing the periodic table. Ch. 5.1. Search for Order. 1750 Only 17 elements 1789 Lavoisier grouped into Metals, nonmetals, gases and earths. No good method yet found. Mendeleev's Periodic Table. 1860’s 63 elements Deck of cards arrangement for students

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Organizing the periodic table

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  1. Organizing the periodic table Ch. 5.1

  2. Search for Order • 1750 • Only 17 elements • 1789 • Lavoisier grouped into • Metals, nonmetals, gases and earths • No good method yet found

  3. Mendeleev's Periodic Table • 1860’s • 63 elements • Deck of cards arrangement for students • Periodic Table- arrangement of elements in columns based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row • Arranged elements into rows of increasing mass • Elements with similar properties were in the same column

  4. Mendeleev Predictions Evidence • Used properties of elements near blanks to predict properties of undiscovered elements • Close match between his predictions and actual new elements showed how correct his table was

  5. The modern Periodic Table Ch. 5.2

  6. The Periodic Law • Elements are arranged by INCREASING atomic #(# of ______)

  7. Periodic Law Periods Groups • Rows • # of elements per period varies due to orbitals • Columns • Same group= similar properties • Electron Configuration

  8. Classes of Elements • State at room temperature • Solid, liquid or gas • Occurring Naturally or not • 1-92 natural • 93+ not natural • General properties • Metal, nonmetal, metalloid

  9. Metals • Good conductors of electricity • Solid, except Hg • Malleable • Ductile- made into thin wire • Transition metals • Form compounds with distinctive colors

  10. Nonmetals • Poor conductors of electricity • Gas at room temp • If not, very brittle • F most reactive • Group 18 least reactive

  11. Metalloids • Mixture of properties • Metals, and nonmetals • Varies with temperature

  12. Variation Across Periods

  13. Representative groups Ch. 5.3

  14. Valance Electrons • Lewis Dot Structure • Electron located in the highest energy level • Increase left to right • Elements in groups have similar properties due to same # of valance electrons

  15. Groups/Families: • 8 Total- going down columns

  16. Alkali Metals • Group 1A • 1 Valance Electron • VERY Reactive • Reactivity increases from top to bottom • Found in nature • Only as compounds

  17. Alkaline Earth Metals • Group 2A • 2 Valance Electrons • Reactivity • How they react with water

  18. Boron Family • Group 3A • 3 Valance Electrons • Al- most abundant metal on Earth

  19. Carbon Family • Group 4A • 4 Valance Electrons • Contains • nonmetal- C • 2 metaloids – Si, Ge • 2 metals – Sn, Pb • Except for H2O, most compounds in the body contain C

  20. Nitrogen Family • Group 5A • 5 Valance Electrons • Contains • 2 nonmetals – N, P • 2 metaloids – As, Sb • 1 metal – Bi

  21. Oxygen Family • Group 6A • 6 Valance Electrons • Contains • 3 nonmetals – O, S, Se • 2 metaloids – Te, Po • O is most abundant element in Earths crust

  22. Halogens • Group 7A • 7 Valance Electrons • Physical properties- different • Chemical Properties- similar • Highly reactive nonmetals • Fl is most reactive • React easily with metals

  23. Noble Gases • Group 8A • 8 Valance Electrons, except He(2) • Odorless, extremely un-reactive

  24. Transition Metals • able to put more than eight electrons in the shell that is one in from the outermost shell • Sc has a configuration of 2-8-9-2 • able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell • Au has an organization of 2-8-18-32-18-1

  25. Transition Metals Lanthanide Actinide • Rare Earth or inner transition • Found naturally in Earth • Reactive, ionic • Radioactive • Metals tarnish when met with air

  26. Websites • http://www.funbrain.com/periodic/index.html • http://www.privatehand.com/flash/elements.html

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