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Modeling and Simulation of Nickel-Cadmium Batteries during Discharge

Modeling and Simulation of Nickel-Cadmium Batteries during Discharge. Giuliano S. Sperandio Cairo L. Nascimento Jr. Geraldo J. Adabo Prof. Master Program in Aeronautical Eng. (ITA-EMBRAER) Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA) Brazil. Introduction.

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Modeling and Simulation of Nickel-Cadmium Batteries during Discharge

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  1. Modeling and Simulation of Nickel-Cadmium Batteries during Discharge Giuliano S. Sperandio Cairo L. Nascimento Jr. Geraldo J. Adabo Prof. Master Program in Aeronautical Eng. (ITA-EMBRAER) Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA) Brazil

  2. Introduction • Electrical batteries are essential components of an aircraft. • Main uses: • to start the propulsion engines, • to provide power during electrical emergencies. • The knowledge of the battery dynamics is important for the aircraft designers. • Virtual Aircraft Project.

  3. Introduction • Battery manufacturers provide DATA: voltage curves over time considering • constant room temperature T, • constant discharge current I, • battery initially fully charged. • Battery manufacturers DO NOT provide MODELS.

  4. Objective • Produce a mathematical model to be used for simulation of the battery discharge during eletrical emergencies when: • the discharge current is not constant, • the battery is not fully charged. using the data provided by the battery manufacturer to adjust the model parameters.

  5. Ni-Cd Battery Model • U(t) = f(DOD(t),I(t),T(t)) U(t) = battery voltage DOD(t) = Depth of Discharge I(t) = discharge current T(t) = temperature

  6. Ni-Cd Battery

  7. Ni-Cd Battery Discharge Curve (T)

  8. Ni-Cd Battery Discharge Curve (I)

  9. Battery Data Extraction • At least 50 points were manually captured for each curve. • A polynomial function was fitted to each curve. problem: how to select the order of the polynomial? • In each case, a polynomial function was used to interpolate and extrapolate the curve to U=0.

  10. Ni-Cd Battery Model

  11. Ni-Cd Battery Discharge Curve (T)

  12. Ni-Cd Battery Discharge Curve (I)

  13. Ni-Cd Paatero's Battery Model • adapted from a lead-acid battery model, • 17 parameters.

  14. Ni-Cd Paatero's Battery Model

  15. Ni-Cd Battery Model: R2 Index

  16. Model Modification Proposal • Paatero's model considers the battery capacity constant. • The battery capacity is influenced by the discharge current and the room temperature. • Idea: to model the battery capacity as a function of the room temperature T and the discharge current I.

  17. Battery Capacity

  18. Battery Capacity

  19. Battery Model Modification Proposal • Model the battery capacity using:

  20. Modified Ni-Cd Battery Model

  21. Ni-Cd Battery Model: R2 Index

  22. SIMULINK Simulation

  23. SIMULINK Simulation Case: constant current load

  24. Model Simulation

  25. Model Simulation Case: Constant power load

  26. Model Simulation

  27. Model Simulation Case: Constant resistance load

  28. Model Simulation

  29. Conclusions • Proposal of a procedure to generate a Ni-Cd battery discharge model. • The results show that the proposed battery model fits the data well over a large range of discharge currents and room temperatures. • Use of the model to simulate battery discharge with different load types.

  30. Future Research • Comparison of the simulation results for emergency situations with experimental data. • Proposal and validation of a model for the charging phase of aircraft batteries. • Proposal and validation of a model for battery aging (capacity degradation).

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