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Minerals

Minerals. Mineral - definition. Naturally occurring Inorganic Solid Specific atomic composition Definite atomic structure. Mineral Identification. 1. Hardness 2. Streak 3. Cleavage/Fracture 4. Luster 5. Specific Gravity 6. Color. Hardness.

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Minerals

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  1. Minerals

  2. Mineral - definition • Naturally occurring • Inorganic • Solid • Specific atomic composition • Definite atomic structure

  3. Mineral Identification • 1. Hardness • 2. Streak • 3. Cleavage/Fracture • 4. Luster • 5. Specific Gravity • 6. Color

  4. Hardness • Is measured by how easy it is to scratch. • Geologists order the hardness by… • Scratched by a fingernail. • Scratched by a penny. • Scratched by a nail. • Scratched by a diamond. These are not all of the tools geologists use, but it will work for our experiment.

  5. Mineral Identification • Hardness – the ability to resist scratching; ranges from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest)

  6. Mineral Systems • If space is not restricted, a mineral will exhibit a crystal pattern with a definite number of sides and specific angles.

  7. Mineral Identification Streak • _________ – the color of the powdered form of a mineral

  8. Mineral Identification • Cleavage (flat surfaces) or Fracture (no flat surfaces) – the way a mineral __________ breaks

  9. Mineral Identification • Fracture: ___________________ • Ex. Quartz or obsidian

  10. cleavage Mica is probably the best example as it splits into thin sheets. It is said to have one perfect cleavage.

  11. Calcite and Galena cleave in three directions. They are said to have three good cleavages. cleavage

  12. Not all minerals show cleavage. Those that don’t break along cleavage surfaces are said to have fracture. Fracture

  13. Terminator Baby

  14. Luster • Refers to the way light reflects from the surface of the mineral. • There are two types of luster, • Metallic: looks like polished metal. • Nonmetallic: does not look like polished metal. • Nonmetallic can be shiny or dull.

  15. Pyrite has metallic luster

  16. Quartz has nonmetallic luster

  17. Specific Gravity of a Mineral

  18. One mineral property we will not use… COLOR

  19. A mineral can be many different colors. Below is Mica.

  20. Review

  21. RAP

  22. Discovery Channel : Minerals

  23. Silicates Non Silicates

  24. QUARTZ (Silica) SiO2 CORUNDUM (Alumina) Al2O3 HEMATITE Fe2O3 CALCITE CaCO3 DOLOMITE CaMg(CO3)2 GYPSUM CaSO4 FLUORITE CaF2 PYRITE FeS2 OLIVINE (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 PYROXENE (Mg,Fe)SiO3 AMPHIBOLE (Ca2Mg5)Si8O22(OH)2 FELDSPARS Albite NaAlSi3O8 Orthoclase KAlSi3O8 Anorthite CaAl2Si2O8 KAOLINITE Al2Si2O5(OH)4 COMMON MINERALS IN THE EARTH

  25. Discovery Channel : Salt

  26. Common minerals and their uses

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