1 / 12

Greek Philosophy

Greek Philosophy. Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle . Philosophy. Philosophy  love of wisdom Early Greek philosophers were concerned with the development of logic and reasoning, and how divine forces worked. Socrates (469-399 B.C.). “The unexamined life is not worth living.” Beliefs

meara
Download Presentation

Greek Philosophy

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Greek Philosophy Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle

  2. Philosophy • Philosophy  love of wisdom • Early Greek philosophers were concerned with the development of logic and reasoning, and how divine forces worked

  3. Socrates (469-399 B.C.) • “The unexamined life is not worth living.” • Beliefs • We contain all the knowledge of the world in our souls • Reincarnation • We lose touch with that knowledge after every rebirth • We DO NOT learn new things, but are reminded of what we already know

  4. Socrates (469-399 B.C.) • Beliefs • Good is not good because the gods say so • Good is measured by practical usefulness • Don’t need religious texts to tell us right from wrong • Monotheistic • Did not believe in the multitude of Greek gods & goddesses • Anti-authority • Wanted students to question society

  5. Socrates (469-399 B.C.) • Legacy • The Socratic Method • Teaching by using question-and-answer format to lead pupils to understanding concepts through reasoning • Let students learn for themselves • Leads to modern school system • Death • Put on trial & convicted by an Athenian jury of corrupting the youth of Athens • Forced to drink hemlock and commit suicide

  6. Plato (437?-347 BC) • “Dictatorship naturally arises out of democracy, and the most aggravated form of tyranny and slavery out of the most extreme liberty.” • Socrates’ student • Wrote down all of Socrates beliefs • Considered the greatest philosopher in Western Civilization

  7. Plato (437?-347 BC) • Beliefs • How do we know what’s real? • Earth is not real • Must live in a rational state • The higher world of eternity is real • The Republic • Does not trust democracy • Offers his ideal state • Philosopher kings – driven by wisdom • Warriors – provide courage • Peasants – driven by desire, but would produce • Argued against materialism

  8. Plato (437?-347 BC) • Beliefs • Men and women should be educated • They should have equal access to all positions • Three Levels of Pleasure • Physical  i.e. sex • Sensual  i.e. admiring beauty or enjoying relationship in marriage • Ideal  intellectual love; connecting with another mind • No physicality to soil the relationship • Platonic love

  9. Plato (437?-347 BC) • Beliefs • God is perfect • We must strive to resemble God • We move closer to God via reincarnation • He created the world out of raw materials • Sin is people being ignorant • Do not punish, but reform sinners via education

  10. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) • “The worst form of inequality is to try to make unequal things equal.” • Prized student of Plato • Teacher of Alexander the Great • Lyceum • Built school of philosophy • Beautiful grounds with covered walkways • Traditional college campuses based on the Lyceum

  11. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) • Beliefs • Three Souls • Plant Soul  essence of nutrition • Animal Soul  essence of pleasure, pain, & desire • Human Soul  essence of reasoning • People learn through reasoning • Three forms of government • Monarchy • Negative  could turn into tyranny • Aristocracy • Negative  could turn into an oligarchy • Constitutional Monarchy • Negative  could turn into anarchy

  12. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) • Legacy • System of Classification • The ologies: biology, zoology, etc. • Governments: democracies, oligarchies, tyrannies • Inventor of modern logic • p v q • Wrote the first book on psychology

More Related