Claytor Hydroelectric Project- Fish Entrainment and Impingement Study FERC No. 739

1. Claytor Hydroelectric Project- Fish Entrainment and Impingement Study (FERC No. 739)

2. Normandeau Associates Employee-Owned Natural Resource Consulting Firm 13 Offices & 35 Years of Experience Hydropower, Energy, Transportation, Coastal & Marine, Ports & Waterways, Water Resources, Geoscience, Ecological, Hazardous Waste Sites

3. Normandeau Associates Professional Expertise (150 Reg. Employees) Fisheries Scientists and Biologists Limnologists Hydrogeologists Wetland scientists Ornithologists Wildlife biologists Taxonomists (Macroinvertebrate & Fish Larvae) SCUBA divers Engineers

4. Project Team Normandeau Associates, Inc. Mr. Douglas Royer, Project Manager Dr. Dilip Mathur, Technical Director Mr. Terry Euston, Senior Scientist Dr. Matthew Chan, ADP Coordinator Mr. Jeff Wollis, Field Crew Leader Interactive Oceanographics Mr. Tom Opishinski - ADP Expert Advisor

5. Objectives Evaluate the likelihood of entrainment, impingement, and turbine mortality for juvenile and adult life stages of fish species in Claytor Reservoir Species of interest striped bass largemouth bass smallmouth bass white bass spotted bass hybrid striped bass gizzard shad walleye alewife black crappie bluegill

7. Entrainment, Impingement, and Turbine Mortality Factors Size and depth of intakes Water velocity at intake entrance Intake location relative to fish habitat Characteristics of fisheries populations Number and size of individuals Fish Behavior (migratory, preferred habitat) Characteristics of Turbine Units Turbine Type Size Number of blades Spacing of blades Turbine Speed Water pressure (penstock, turbine or tailwater) Reservoir water levels

8. Primary Tasks Literature review of swim speeds/behavior for juveniles and adults stages of target species Review evidence of any I&E problems associated with current operations Literature review and comparative analysis of I&E problems reported for similar projects Measure intake velocity fields during maximum hydraulic capacities and compare velocities against swim speeds Qualitative and quantitative analysis

9. Methods by Task 1. Literature searches: EPRI database, include published science articles, grey literature, reports submitted to FERC and internet sources. 2. Review evidence of any impingement and entrainment problems, accomplished by requesting information from AEP, including reports of problems, reviewing any past studies, obtaining any letters from agencies or the public, talking with operators, etc...

10. Methods by Task (cont�d) 3. Identify and review studies at projects of similar design Literature search, primarily grey literature, and any published literature Review information on project characteristics and fish fauna Request quantitative information as needed

11. Methods by Task (cont�d) Estimate intake and bar rack velocities Field survey of intake velocities will be made with a boat mounted Sontek Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP) Safety concerns may alter the exact method of deployment, but it will use an ADP Velocities at bar racks will be provided by AEP based on engineering analysis Direct comparison of velocities and swim speeds

12. Intake Velocity Survey

13. Intake Velocity Survey

14. Methods by Task (cont�d) 5. Estimate Turbine Mortality using predictive models.

15. Literature Based Survival Use a developed database of all available turbine passage survival studies then culled by: Study characteristics Station characteristics Species

16. Literature Based Survival: Study Characteristics Established mark-recapture techniques Adequate control groups, reasonable recapture rates, assumption testing Completeness of data Turbine and station characteristics, species data, etc. Control mortality =50%, sample size (N) >25 Statistically based studies with validity of assumptions testing Professional judgment

17. Literature Based Survival: Station Characteristics

18. Literature Based Survival: Target species Similar species or families Fish lengths Heisey et al. (1996) � size more important than species Typically three size classes for Entrainment Density per EPRI 1997 Typically four size classes for mean Survival per EPRI 1997

19. Example of Survival Using Predictive Models Franke et al. (1997) Based on VonRaben model (Bell 1981) Example for three turbine types Kaplan Propeller Francis Example for six fish lengths

20. Francis Model S = 1 � P

21. Parameters P = probability of strike l = strike mortality correlation factor N = number of turbine runner blades L = fish length D = maximum turbine runner diameter aa = angle to axial of absolute flow upstream of turbine runner Qwd = discharge coefficient (Q/wD3) w = rotational speed (rpm x 2p/60) R = turbine runner radius r = turbine runner radius at point fish enters turbine S = survival probability

22. Assignment of Survival Estimates Quantitative estimates Derived from field study Basis for qualitative descriptors Qualitative descriptors High Moderate High Moderate Low Moderate Low

23. Results � Previous Studies Sites included in analysis

24. Example Station A � Avg. survival rates (%) observed at other sites for target/similar species. Number of studies in parentheses.

25. Example- Combined Qualitative and QuantitativeEstimate at Example Station A

26. Schedule