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International Cooperation in Forest Research and Innovation: A Policy Science Perspective

Explore the need for international cooperation in forest research and innovation from a policy science perspective, focusing on the global level and the contribution of forests to ecosystem services. Discuss the drivers and challenges in forest governance and the role of actors at local, national, and international levels. Highlight the importance of sustainable forest management and the implications for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

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International Cooperation in Forest Research and Innovation: A Policy Science Perspective

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  1. Situation and needs for international cooperation in forest research and innovation: a policy science perspective Dr. Metodi Sotirov Senior Researcher & Assistant Professor Workshop on International cooperation in research and innovation for the future European forest-based sector 05-02-2019; Brussels, Belgium

  2. My background • Education: • MSc & BSc in ForestSciences • PhD in Forest & Environmental Policy Studies • Post-DocinGovernance, Environment & Markets • Professional Experience: • Public sector: MinistryofAgricultureandForests: 5 yrs • Private sector: ForestSector/Land UseConsultancy: 2 yrs • Public sector: ForestPolicy Research/ALU-FR: 11 yrs • International and EU Research Cooperation: • IUFRO (Global ForestGovernance) • EU‘s FP-7/Horizon 2020; COST actions; EU tenderstudies • Era-Nets (Sumforest; Biodiversa; WoodWisdom) • National funding (German Government; EFI-MDTF)

  3. The International (Global) Level • „Home Affairs“ within Europe • Pan-European level • EU level • National level • Sub-national/locallevel • Acrosslevels („vertical“) • Across countries andregions („horizontal“) • „ForeignAffairs“: Europe and … • … the Global level • … North America • …. Russiaand EE • … Africa • … Asia • … LatinAmerica • … AUS, NZ, JAP, …

  4. Provision of Ecosystem Services: Global Level 15% of CO2 emissions Absorption of 2 billion tons of CO2 yr-1 Rockström et al. 2009 • 80% of terrestrial • biodiversity in forests • Stablilation of nutrient cycles • Protection against erosion MEA 2005 • Purificaiton of water • Stabilization & recuperationin agricultural frontiers; • Deforestation & LULUCF

  5. Contributions to SDGs • Safety net • Participation of women in NTFP • Resilience from natural disasters • Traditional medicinal plants • Forest communities (indigenous ethnics) • Poor people live where forests are • SDG 15 Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss” • 2 b m³ of wood materials traded • 40% of global renewable energy supply • Enormous importance of the informal sector • 10-20% less erosion • Barrier against desertification • 50% of the planet relies on water flowing from forest areas • 1/3 of the worlds largest cities obtain water supply from forested watershed • 12% of world’s forests are managed for conservation • Home of endangered indigenous ethnics FAO 2018 UN 2017 De Jong et al. 2018 DIE 2017 Agrawal et al., 2013 IPCC, 2014 • Collective management regimes • Common interests • Stimulation of social (re)organization • Anker for international cooperation

  6. Global Forest Area Dynamic • Contribution to deforestation

  7. Driver categories • Direct or proximate drivers1 • Land use and forest uses 1Kissinger et al. 2012 2FAO 2016 3Kaimowitz & Angelsen 1998 • Indirect, enabling or underlying drivers2 • Complex interactions of social, economic, political, cultural and technological processes that affect the proximate drivers • Immediate drivers3 • Individual decision-making rationalities

  8. Factors driving the forest sector Global to LocalEconomic, Social, Political & Environmental Contexts Cultures, Markets, Policies Global to Local Forest governance Rules and Institutions Land users and other players Rationalities Forest uses protecting <-> sustainable <-> destructive legal illegal Pokorny et al. 2017 Sotirov et al. 2017 • t

  9. International forest governance Actors

  10. The Transnational (European) Level • „Home Affairs“ within Europe • Pan-European level • EU level • National level • Sub-national/locallevel • Acrosslevels („vertical“) • Across countries andregions („horizontal“) • „ForeignAffairs“: Europe and … • … the Global level • … North America • …. Russiaand EE • … Africa • … Asia • … LatinAmerica • … AUS, NZ, JAP, …

  11. Diversity in the forest sector in Europe(Sotirov 2009; Winkel et al. 2009; Winkel and Sotirov 2016) • adapted from Winkel et al. 2009; Winkel and Sotirov 2016

  12. European forest governance(Sotirov et al. 2015 Winkel & Sotirov 2016; Sotirov & Storch 2018)

  13. Trade offs between forest ES in Europe(Sotirov et al. 2013)

  14. The global dimension of the EU: Timber product imports into the EU-27(2000-2013, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, 2014)

  15. Key drivers of SFM in Europe in the future (2040)(Sotirov et al. 2015)

  16. Key drivers of SFM in Europe in the future (2040)(Sotirov et al. 2015) • …by domain • …by scale/level

  17. Factors driving the forest sector in Europe: an example of forest ES (Sotirov et al., 2013, 2016)

  18. Conclusions • Diversity of… • Forest ecosystems and forest management practices • Societal demands and socio-economic systems related to them • Policies and institutions governing the forest sector • Knowledge paradigms the forest sector is related to • …but common (and interlinked) challenges • Biodiversity loss, climate change, illegal logging, forest risks • Land use change (deforestation, reforestation) and forest degradation • Economic globalization of forest production and supply chains • Increasing material demands to nurture the bio-economy • Policy incoherence & implementation issues governing the forest sector • Internationalization/Europeanization of policymaking and NGO activism • Diversification and urbanization of society, incl. forest sector actors

  19. Conclusions (2) • Policy drivers (laws, regulations) and socio-economic drivers (markets, population) at the global/EU level are crucial to be analysed to help coordinate and address key issues • Increasingly complex “Global”/“European” issues make international cooperation in R&I necessary • Currently, forest research is constrained by sectoral silos and limitations in international cooperation • European forest sector research and innovation needs to… • address international/transnational issues • apply more social sciences and interact closely with society, markets and policymaking • involve regional levels and different sectors • combine multiple (disciplinary) perspectives • … receive new funding opportunities for international collaboration with specific focus on the forest sector

  20. Thank you! • Thank you! • Dr. Metodi Sotirov • Chair of Forest and Environmental Policy • Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources • University of Freiburg, Germany • metodi.sotirov@ifp.uni-freiburg.de • Contact details: • University of FreiburgChair of Forest- and Environmental Policy • Research Group: • Dr. Georg Winkel (georg.winkel@ifp.uni-freiburg.de), Dr. Metodi Sotirov (metodi.sotirov@ifp.uni-freiburg.de), B.Sc. Maike Stelter (maike.stelter@ifp.uni-freiburg.de), B.Sc. Sophie Schwer (sophie.schwer@venus.uni-freiburg.de) • , M.A. Sina Leipold (sina.leipold@ifp.uni-freiburg.de)

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