Unit 9: The Cold War

1. 4.19.19 Unit 9: The Cold War

2. DOT GAME

3. “Who’s a dot?!” • Each of you will receive a card. Some will have dots; more of them will be blank. Do not let others see your card at any time. • Look at your piece of paper secretly to see if you have a dot. Do not let anyone know whether or not you have a dot. • Then put the piece of paper out of sight.

4. Goal • If you do NOT have a dot, you are trying to create the largest group possible of non-dotted people. • If you create the largest group of non-dotted people, you win. • If you have a dot, your goal is to be the only dotted person in a group. • If you are the only dotted person in a group, you win

5. Playing The Game • You will have 5 minutes to talk to each other in order to figure out who has a dot. • Look for people who seem suspicious. • If you think someone has a dot, call out them out. • If you have a dot, try to bluff to convince others that you don’t. • If you’re asked to leave a group, you need to leave.

6. DOT GAME

7. Debrief • For those who were dots, how did you convince others you were not a “dot”? • Who was accused of being a dot? • Did you accuse anyone else of having a dot? Why?

8. The Red Scare & McCarthyism

9. What is communism? • a political theory leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs

10. Background: Communism in America • During the Great Depression, tens of thousands of Americans had joined the Communist Party • After WWII, membership declined • Better economicsituation • Soviet Union thenew enemy

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12. Spies in the US • Alger Hiss: • Spied for the Soviet Union • Klaus Fuchs: • Admitted to spying for S.U.in the Manhattan Project

13. Fear of Communism • During the Cold War, politicians encouraged fear of Communism • Worried about expanding Soviet Influence • Truman administration began to investigate members of the Communist Party • 1947: EO 9835 (aka the “Loyalty Order”): All federal employees were analyzed to determine loyalty • 6.6 million Americans wereinvestigated

14. The Red Scare • 1940s – 1950s • Hysteria over communism • Soviet Union has a red flag, so people from the S.U. were called “Reds”

15. HUAC • Congress began the House Un-American Activities Committee to investigate Communist “infiltration” of America • In 1947, HUAC called Hollywood directors, writers, actors, and producers to testify • Asked: “Are you now, orhave you ever been, amember of theCommunist Party?”

16. HUAC & The Hollywood Ten • A group of directors & producers refused to testify • “Hollywood Ten” • Served jail terms from 6 months-1 year • Studios began “blacklisting” people who were accused of having Communist ties

17. McCarran Act (1950) • Unlawful to promote any action that would lead to a totalitarian dictatorship • Immigrants deported if they were suspected • Internment camps for “dangerous or disloyal” people • Truman vetoed it… • “One of the most un-American acts I have ever witnessed in my political career” • But Congress overrode his veto

18. How to spot a communist https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCR9vE0cM-U

19. Joseph McCarthy In 1950, Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy gave a speech in which he declared: “I have here in my hand a list of 205 [people] who were known to the secretary of state as being members of the CommunistParty and who, nevertheless,are still working and shapingpolicy at the StateDepartment.”

20. McCarthyism McCarthy: Sensational charges that communists in the US needed to be stopped He created & played on a culture of fear

21. Hoover & the FBI • FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover • compiled extensive files on suspected subversives • Wiretaps • Surveillance • Infiltration of leftist groups • 1949: Convicted 12 leaders of the American Communist Party on advocating to overthrow the government • Ethel & Julius Rosenberg: • Convicted and put to death in 1953 • Still unsure if guilty

22. 4.22.19 Unit 9: The Cold War

23. How McCarthyism Worked • Just being accused could lead people to lose their jobs • Thousands saw their lives disrupted • hounded by law enforcement • alienated from friends & family • fired from their jobs • Most were victims of false allegations or had done nothing more than exercise their democratic right to join a political party

24. Why did people go along with it? • Elected officials from both parties sought to portray themselves as staunch anti-communists • Few people dared to criticize the questionable tactics used • Membership in leftist groups dropped as associations could lead to serious consequences • Dissenting voices from the left side of the political spectrum fell silent on a range of important issues

25. Dennis vs. United States • In 1951 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that • free-speech rights of accused Communists could be restricted because their actions presented a clear and present danger to the government

26. End of McCarthyism • In 1954, televised hearings by the Army began • It became clear that McCarthy was pursuing baseless charges – and targeting anyone who spoke out against him • Senate formally condemned him • Resolution 301

28. McCarthyism Today McCarthyism is a term now used for witch hunts, typically those that are politically motivated.