Communicable Diseases in Schools

1. Communicable Diseases in Schools Done by : sandy almanaseer

2. outline • The definition of communicable disease • The most communicable disease in school : • Scabies • Pinkeye • Chickenpox • Head lice • Hepatitis A • The role of community health nurse • Outbreak of some diseases • Prevention of communicable disease • Summary • Conclution

3. Communicable Diseases: an infectious disease transmissible (as from person to person or an animal to a person) by direct contact with an affected individual or the individual's discharges or by indirect means (as by a vector).

4. Morbidity • Number of new meningitis cases:339 (2011) • Number of new hepatitis a cases: 418 (2011) • Number of new hepatitis b cases: 5 (2011) • Number of new malaria cases: 58 (2011) • Number of new chickenpox cases:6181 (2011)

5. Physician office visits • Number of visits to physician offices for infectious and parasitic diseases: 19.3 million. Source: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2013 State and National Summary

6. Outpatient department visits Number of hospital outpatient department visits for infectious and parasitic diseases: 3.9 million Source: National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2011 Outpatient Department Summary

7. Scabiesالجرب • Scabies is a skin infestation that is caused by the human itch mite, a microscopic parasite that burrows into the upper layer of the skin where it feeds on blood and lays its eggs. It is transmitted by skin-to-skin contact with an infested person. • Symptoms • • Itching • • Elongated bite marks on the breasts, elbows, thighs and waistline • • Pimple-like, red skin rash that becomes raised as the rash fills with fluid

8. Pinkeye • Conjunctivitis, or "pinkeye," is an inflammation of the eye usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection, or an allergic reaction. It is transmitted by skin-to-skin contact. • Symptoms • • Redness around the eye and lower eyelid • • Painful itching, or burning sensation around the eye • • Tearing or a watery discharge that can crust over • • Sensitivity to light

9. Chickenpoxجدري الماء • Chickenpox is a skin infection caused by the varicella virus. It is transmitted by skin-to-skin contact with fluid from chickenpox blisters. • Symptoms • • Small, red poxes that are flat at first but become raised as they fill with fluid. • • Itchy blisters all over the body that scab over in four to five days. • • Chickenpox is often accompanied by a mild fever

10. Liceالتقمل • Pediculosis, or head lice, is an infestation of the hair and scalp by the head louse, an insect that feeds on human blood. It is transmitted by skin-to-skin contact with an infested person. • Symptoms • • Itching and scratching of the head • • Nits, or eggs, in the hair • • Small, gray-white insects in the hair

11. HepatitisA التهاب الكبد أ Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. In children, the most common form of hepatitis is Hepatitis A . • caused the Hepatitis A virus, which lives in the stools of infected individuals. Infected stool can be present in small amounts in food and on objects . • SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: • In many cases symptoms may be absent or very mild. • Yellow skin or eyes (jaundice) • Feeling very tired • Abdominal pain • Loss of appetite • Nausea • Diarrhea

12. Outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease •  Require sick children and staff to notify the schools/centres if they develop symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease or are admitted to hospital. •  Advise sick children and staff to stay at home and seek medical advice immediately •  Enhance health surveillance for other children by inspection whilst avoiding contact with the lesions. •  Instruct children on personal hygiene practices. •  Clean toys properly. •  Avoid group activities during an outbreak.

13. Outbreak of respiratory tract infection •  If children and staff develop symptoms of influenza such as fever, sore throat or cough, advise them to put on a mask and seek medical advice immediately. •  Require staff and students to notify the schools/centres if they develop influenza symptoms or are admitted to hospital. •  Require the sick to stay at home for rest until symptoms have improved and fever has subsided for at least 2 days. •  Enhance health surveillance for other children by, for example, measuring body temperature. •  Switch on exhaust fans and open windows as far as possible to improve ventilation. •  Avoid group activities during an outbreak. •  Provide appropriate protective gear in place

14. Methods of transmission : • Airborne droplet from coughing . • Direct contact with patient . • Indirect contact with infected objects • Prevention by : • Self hygiene ( hand washing , cover mouth and nose when coughing ) . • Immunization

15. Prevention of Communicable Diseases • The cooperation of school personnel, health department, physicians, parents and students is essential. • Enforcing immunization laws and practicing universal precautions blood borne pathogen procedures according to School Board policies • Ongoing health education relating to disease prevention, hygiene measures for students, families and school personnel. • Implementing good hand washing procedures. • Implementing case isolation and effective treatment.

16. 6. Roles of school/centre staff and related support including school & health community • Keep personal health record for every child properly. Check and record their body temperature regularly. • Keep sick leave records of staff properly. • Support staff to familiarise themselves and comply with the guidelines on prevention of communicable diseases.

17. Ensure adequate hand washing facilities and personal protective gear in the schools/centres. • Communicate closely with the parents/guardians to get their support to implement infection control measures

18. Summary • Identify the school communicable disease ( scabies , hepatitis A , pinkeye , head lice , chickenpox ) • What the sign and symptom of each disease • How to prevent the transmission of this disease • What the role of school health nurse.

19. References • Southern Nevada Health District website • http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/head/treatment.html