The extent of knowledge of Montenegrin students on the contemporary history of Montenegro

1. The extent of knowledge of Montenegrin students on the contemporary history of Montenegro Podgorica, 22 June 2016

2. - Centre for Civic Education (CCE) conducted a research within its sub-programmeTransitional justice, from 6 to 11 May 2016, on the extent of knowledge of Montenegrin students on the contemporary history of Montenegro, with the focus on war crimes. - Research involved120 students from three faculties of University of Montenegro, or 40 undergraduate studentsfrom the Law Faculty, Faculty of Philosophy (Sociology, History, Education of teachers and Geography), as well as from the Faculty of Political Sciences(International relations, Journalism, European studies and Political science)- Amongst the respondents, 32,5% were male,65,8% female, while1,6% did not specify their gender.- As far as the age is concerned, research covered students age between 19 and 27(those born between1989 and 1997)

3. When asked whether they examined more recent history of Montenegro during their history classes, the majority of students, or 56.7%, stated that this part was not present within their formal education, 40% stated that it was, while 3.3% of respondents did not provide an answer to this question.

4. Are you familiar with the recent history of former SFRY republics?12.5% of respondents admitted that they are not familiar with recent history of former SFRY republics, 58.8% has minimum extent of knowledge, 28.3% has certain extent of knowledge, while 3.3% did not provide the answer. The majority of those who claim that they are familiar with this subject are from the Faculty of Political Sciences (35%), while that percentage is somewhat lower on the Law Faculty (27.5%), and lowest on the Faculty of Philosophy (22.5%).

5. Number of republics and provinces in former SFRY?

6. Which states of former SFRY are internationally recognised today?62.5% of respondents did not know the exact or complete answer, 6.7% did not provide any answer, and slightly less than one third (30.8%) knew to list every state which derived from former SFRY.

7. Which states of former SFRY are internationally recognised today? (cross section per faculty)

8. When was the referendum, which was the basis for the creation of FRY?Based on three offered choices, half of the interviewed students (50.8%) marked correctly the year when the referendum, which was the basis for the creation of FRY, was held by stating that it was held in 1992, 40% gave the wrong answer, and 9.2% did not provide any answer.

9. Which, now both independent states, used to compose FRY? 86,7% of the students knew that Serbia and Montenegro – now both independent states – formed the FRY.

10. Did Montenegro participate in the war from 1991-1995? Majority of Montenegrin students thinks that (54,2%) Montenegro participated in the war from 1991 to 1995, however, almost a third of them (30,8%) claims otherwise, 9.2% does not the answer to that question, while 5,8% refused to provide an answer.

11. - Almost 2/3 of students gave the wrong answer, among the offered options, when asked when Montenegro carried out an armed intervention on Dubrovnik, and on Dubrovnik region in general, and slightly less than a third of students (30%) stated that this event occurred in 1991.

12. When asked who performed the armed intervention on Dubrovnik, and on Dubrovnik region in general, for which there were four possible answers, with an option to choose more than one answer, 61.7% of students marked that the intervention was perpetrated by the Yugoslav People’s Army (YPA), 24.2% believes that it was done by the members of Territorial defence (TD) of Montenegro, 10% believes that it was the members of Ministry of Interior of Montenegro (then RSIA - Republican Secretariat of Internal Affairs), and 25% believes that the intervention was carried out by paramilitary formations.

13. Who carried out the armed intervention on Dubrovnik and Dubrovnik region in general? (cross section per faculty)

14. When asked about the death toll of members of YPA from Montenegro on Dubrovnik battlefield, 50% of the students answered correctly, based on three offered options, that there were 165 Montenegrin members of YPA, 28.3% did not answer correctly, and 21.7% did not give any answer. .

15. When asked which proceedings were conducted before Montenegrin judiciary for the cases of war crimes, Montenegrin students marked the following out of the offered options: “kidnapping of passengers from the train Belgrade – Bar in Štrpci“ (35%), “Camp Morinj” (30.8%), “Bukovica” and “Shelling of Dubrovnik” (25%), “Deportation of refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina” and “Kaluđerski laz” (15.8%), “Genocide in Srebrenica” (15%), “Camp Lora” (9.2%), “Siege of Sarajevo” (5%) and the “Assassination of family Klapuh” (1.7%).

16. Which proceedings were conducted before Montenegrin judiciary for the cases of war crimes,? (cross section per faculty)

17. War events occurred on the territories of which states? (overall cross section)

18. Which politician, in your opinion, is most responsible for civic war on the territory of former SFRY? (overall cross section)

19. Which politician, in your opinion, is most responsible for civic war on the territory of former SFRY? (cross section per faculty)

20. Even though the issue of NATO bombarding is still highly present in Montenegrin public, only 27.5% are aware of the fact that there were 7 victims during NATO bombarding in Montenegro, whereas 55% answered wrong, and 17.5% of the students did not provide any answer

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