How to set effective goals for your personal Development Lecture on Latham Reading

1. What you will learn today • How to set effective goals for your personal Development • Lecture on Latham Reading

2. To learn how to set effective goals, you need to know • Why do goals improve performance • Personal examples • What makes goals more effective in improving performance • Personal examples, research studies

3. Why do goals improve performance Focus attention on behaviors that will attain goal Increase how hard one works on task Improved Task Performance Goals Lengthen time spent on task Promote use/discovery of knowledge needed to do task e.g., graduate school, glucose intolerance

4. What makes goals more effective in improving Performance? Goals Specificity & Difficulty of Goal Knowledge to attain goal • Feedback on progress toward goal Commitment to goal Improved Performance Situational Conditions

5. Goals Specificity & Difficulty of Goal Improved Performance

6. Evidence for how Goal Specificity & Difficulty Improves Performance • Unskilled, uneducated loggers paid at piece rate were randomly assigned to one of two groups Review of B23

7. Why do specific & difficult goals result in better performance than ‘do your best’ goals? Do your best goals • No external standard for • Performance • Performance defined • individually Low Performance Specific & Difficult Goals Clear performance standard Hi Performance

8. What makes goals more effective in improving Performance? Goals • Specificity & Difficulty of Goal Knowledge to attain goal • Feedback on progress toward goal Commitment to goal Improved Performance Situational Conditions

9. Goals Knowledge to attain goal Improved Performance

10. Knowledge to attain goals can be increased via.. Goals Set Learning Goals Knowledge to attain goal Provide Training Improved Performance

11. Learning vs. Performance Goals • Learning goals = learn to network; master specific subject matter • Performance goals= attain specific GPA at end of semester

12. Evidence on Learning Goals  Performance • Learning goals = learn to network; master specific subject matter • Performance goals= attain specific GPA at end of semester (cited in Latham & Locke, 2006)

13. Why do learning goals  Performance • Learning goals • facilitate planning, • focus on understanding the task, • monitoring & evaluating progress toward goal attainment • Such behaviors are especially needed in unstructured environments (cited in Latham & Locke, 2006)

14. How MGTC90 increases knowledge On the goal of “improving skill” • Training: Research on how to improve skill • Outcome goal= get a 5 pt rating on a 7 pt scale • Learning goal (can be difficult & specific)=generate 10 concrete strategies by which you can obtain higher ratings • Sub-goal=generate 5 strategies by mid-semester

15. Why do learning goals, training improve performance? Focus attention on understanding task and doing it effectively Goals Learning Goals Increase knowledge on how to do task Training Improved Performance

16. What makes goals more effective in improving Performance? Goals Specificity & Difficulty of Goal Knowledge to attain goal • Feedback on progress toward goal Commitment to goal Improved Performance Situational Conditions

17. Knowledge to attain goals can be increased via.. Goals Sub Goals Feedback on progress toward goals Improved Performance

18. Why do sub goals improve performance? Provides immediate feedback on whether Behavior is consistent with goals Goals Sub Goals Improved Performance

19. What makes goals more effective in improving Performance? Goals Specificity & Difficulty of Goal Knowledge to attain goal • Feedback on progress toward goal Commitment to goal Improved Performance Situational Conditions

20. How can you increase commitment toward goals Making goal public Assigning goals that implicitly convey Confidence in performer Increased Commitment Making goals important By rewarding their achievement

21. Evidence on how rewards  commitment = > Why do rewards affect commitment? Goal Commitment Goal importance Money/Praise

22. How will you increase your commitment to goals?

23. Goals Situational Conditions Improved Performance

24. Evidence demonstrating how…. Goals Situational Conditions • High Role overload=having excess work without resources to accomplish task • Goals positively affect performance only when overload was low Improved Performance (cited in Latham & Locke, 2006)

25. What you learned today • Why goals improve performance • Focus attention • Promote use of knowledge • Increase amt of time on task • Increase amt of effort on task • What makes goals more effective in improving performance • Commitment to goals • Knowledge of how to attain goals • Feedback on progress toward goals • Specificity & difficulty of goals • Situational constraints

26. For exam… • In your skill development project, how did you … • make your goals specific and difficult? • increase knowledge to accomplish goals? • Increase commitment to goals • overcome situational obstacles