Amino Acids

1. Amino Acids • Biochemistry Free For All

2. Structure and Chemistry Part 1 - Amino Acids • Building Blocks of Proteins • Essential Amino Acids • Basic Structure • Stereochemistry • Side Chain Chemistry • Properties • Ionization • Bonding

3. Amino Acids & Proteins • Workhorses of cell • Catalysis • Signaling • Structure • Energy/Gradient Generation • Proteins comprised of 20-21 amino acids

4. Amino Acids Essential Amino Acids

5. Elements Alpha Carbon Alpha Amine Alpha Carboxyl Basics of Structure Alpha Amino Acids Differences in R Groups

6. Elements Alpha Carbon Alpha Amine Alpha Carbon Alpha Amine Alpha Carboxyl Alpha Carboxyl R Basics of Structure Alpha Amino Acids Differences in R Groups Examples Asymmetric Center

7. Elements Alpha Carbon Alpha Amine Alpha Carbon Alpha Carboxyl Alpha Carboxyl Alpha Amine 18 R Basics of Structure Alpha Amino Acids Differences in R Groups Examples Asymmetric Center

8. Stereochemistry Amino Acids Asymmetric Carbon D and L Isomers Almost all biological amino acids are in the L-configuration

9. Categorizing Amino Acids

10. Ionizable R-groups

11. Alpha Carbon Amino Acids Aromatic R-Groups Tryptophan Alpha Amine Alpha Carboxyl Tyrosine Phenylalanine

12. R Amino Acids Aromatic R-Groups Tryptophan R R Tyrosine Phenylalanine

13. R Amino Acids Aromatic R-Groups Charges at Physiological pH Ionizes at high pH Tryptophan R R Tyrosine Phenylalanine

14. Amino Acids H Aliphatic R-Groups Alanine Glycine Proline Isoleucine Leucine Valine Methionine

15. Amino Acids H Aliphatic R-Groups Alanine Glycine Proline Isoleucine Leucine Valine Methionine

16. Amino Acids Aliphatic R-Groups Charges at Physiological pH

17. Amino Acids R-Group Carboxyls Aspartic Acid Glutamic Acid

18. R Amino Acids R R-Group Carboxyls Aspartic Acid Glutamic Acid

19. Amino Acids R-Group Carboxyls Charges at physiological pH R R Aspartic Acid Glutamic Acid

20. Amino Acids Hydroxyl R-Groups Serine Threonine Tyrosine

21. Amino Acids Hydroxyl R-Groups Serine Threonine Tyrosine

22. Ionizes at high pH Amino Acids Hydroxyl R-Groups Charges at Physiological pH Serine Threonine Tyrosine

23. Amino Acids Sulfhydryl R-Group Cysteine

24. Amino Acids Sulfhydryl R-Group Ionizes at about pH = 8 + Cysteine

25. Asparagine Glutamine Amino Acids Carboxamide R-Groups

26. Asparagine Glutamine Amino Acids Carboxamide R-Groups

27. Asparagine Glutamine Amino Acids Carboxamide R-Groups

28. Arginine Amino Acids Ionizable Amine R-Groups Lysine Histidine

29. Arginine Amino Acids Ionizable Amine R-Groups Lysine Histidine

30. Arginine Amino Acids Ionizable Amine R-Groups Charges at Physiological pH Lysine Histidine

31. Rare Amino Acids

32. Non-Protein Amino Acids Carnitine Also - Citrulline, Ornithine, others

33. Amino Acids Ionization

34. Amino Acids Ionization -by pKa Values

35. Amino Acids Ionization -by pKa Values

36. Amino Acids Ionization -by pKa Values

37. Amino Acids Ion Locations in Titration Charge = -1

38. Amino Acids Ionization -by pKa Values Charge = 0

39. Amino Acids Ionization -by pKa Values Charge = -1

40. Amino Acids Ionization -by pKa Values Charge = -2

41. Ionization Changes Charges Within Proteins Changes in Charge Change Activities

42. Post-translational Modifications

43. Phosphorylated Amino Acids

44. Breakdown of Amino Acids

45. Peptide Bond Formation