Pasteurellaceae

2. Pasteurellaceae

3. Human Pathogens • Haemophilus influenzae • Haemophilus ducreyi • Oppurtunists: • Haemophilus parainfluenzae • Haemophilus spp. • Pasteurella multocida • Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

4. Pasteurellaceae General Overview • Taxonomic Confusion inFamily Pasteurellaceae • Three Genera: • Haemophilus: Most Common in Human Disease • Actinobacillus • Pasteurella • Haemophilus • Common Characteristics of Family • Small (0.2 x 0.3-2.0 mm) Gram-negative Nonmotile bacilli • Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic • Fastidious growth requirements

5. Pasteurellaceae Differential Characteristics • X factor = hemin (hematin) • V factor = (NAD or NADP) • nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

7. Haemophilus

8. Haemophilus General Overview • Gram-negative bacilli liking blood (as per genus name) • Obligate Parasites of Man and Animals • Major pathogens for which humans are natural hosts • Haemophilus influenzae • Acute pyogenic, normally invasive infections • Chronic infections with H. influenzae as 2o pathogen • Haemophilus ducreyi • True pathogen (i.e., not found in healthy individuals) • STD; Soft chancre (chancroid)

9. Haemophilus Diseases

10. Haemophilus Infections (see others in text) PRP = polyribitol phosphate

11. Haemophilus Infections (cont.) • NOTE: • Polysaccharide PRP is weakly immunogenic • Pediatric immunity not mature for processing polysaccharide antigens until ~18 months • Conjugated Vaccine: PRP conjugated to protein carrier induces protective immunity (carriers may include: diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid or meningococcal OMP)

12. Haemophilus influenzae Incidence (per 100,000) NOTE: Dramatic decrease in children <5 years; remains constant in older children

13. Haemophilus influenzae Diseases

14. Haemophilus ducreyi Incidence

16. Actinobacillus

17. Actinobacillus General Overview • Slow-growing; Small; Gram-negative Bacilli • Facultatively Anaerobic • Require CO2for growth on chocolate or blood agar • Three Species of Actinobacillus Associated with Human Disease • Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is: • Most serious pathogen of genus • Hyperadherent in vitro and on damaged heart valves • Commonly isolated with Actinomyces -comitansisLatin for “accompanying” • Normal oropharyngeal flora in 20% of healthy people

18. Actinobacillus Diseases Juvenile & adult Subacute Human

20. Pasteurella

21. Pasteurella General Overview • Small; Gram-negative; Fermentative Pleomorphic Coccobacilli • Facultatively Anaerobic • Therefore infects sutured bites or scratches • Pasteurella multocida: • Most common human pathogen • Domestic pets serve as major reservoir • Commensals in upper respiratory tract of dogs,cats,etc. • Human infection often related to animal bites or scratches or shared food (and you wondered why that lady was buying so much cat food --- it’s cheaper!)

22. Pasteurella DIseases • Three Forms of Disease • Localized cellulitis and lymphadenitis following animal bite or scratch • In patients with underlying lung dysfunction, worsening of chronic pulmonary disease from aspiration of organisms colonizing patient’s oropharynx • Systemic infection in immunocompromised • Liver disease patients at highest risk

23. Pasteurella Diseases (cont.) Animal scratch or

25. REVIEW of Pasteurellaceae

26. Pasteurellaceae Differential Characteristics • X factor = hemin (hematin) • V factor = (NAD or NADP) • nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide REVIEW

27. Review of Haemophilus

28. Haemophilus General Overview • Gram-negative bacilli liking blood (as per genus name) • Obligate Parasites of Man and Animals • Major pathogens for which humans are natural hosts • Haemophilus influenzae • Acute pyogenic, normally invasive infections • Chronic infections with H. influenzae as 2o pathogen • Haemophilus ducreyi • True pathogen (i.e., not found in healthy individuals) • STD; Soft chancre (chancroid) REVIEW

29. Haemophilus Diseases REVIEW

30. Haemophilus Infections (see others in text) PRP = polyribitol phosphate REVIEW

31. Haemophilus Infections (cont.) • NOTE: • Polysaccharide PRP is weakly immunogenic • Pediatric immunity not mature for processing polysaccharide antigens until ~18 months • Conjugated Vaccine: PRP conjugated to protein carrier induces protective immunity (carriers may include: diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid or meningococcal OMP) REVIEW

32. Haemophilus influenzae Incidence (per 100,000) • NOTE: Dramatic decrease • inchildren <5 years • following use of PRP • conjugated vaccine; • Disease rate remains • constant in older children REVIEW

33. Haemophilus ducreyi Incidence REVIEW

34. Review of Actinobacillus

35. Actinobacillus General Overview • Slow-growing; Small; Gram-negative Bacilli • Facultatively Anaerobic • Require CO2for growth on chocolate or blood agar • Three Species of Actinobacillus Associated with Human Disease • Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is: • Most serious pathogen of genus • Hyperadherent in vitro and on damaged heart valves • Commonly isolated with Actinomyces -comitansisLatin for “accompanying” • Normal oropharyngeal flora in 20% of healthy people REVIEW

36. Actinobacillus Diseases Juvenile & adult Subacute Human REVIEW

37. Review of Pasteurella

38. Pasteurella General Overview • Small; Gram-negative; Fermentative Pleomorphic Coccobacilli • Facultatively Anaerobic • Therefore infects sutured bites or scratches • Pasteurella multocida: • Most common human pathogen • Domestic pets serve as major reservoir • Commensals in upper respiratory tract of dogs,cats,etc. • Human infection often related to animal bites or scratches or shared food (and you wondered why that lady was buying so much cat food --- it’s cheaper!) REVIEW

39. Pasteurella DIseases • Three Forms of Disease • Localized cellulitis and lymphadenitis following animal bite or scratch • In patients with underlying lung dysfunction, worsening of chronic pulmonary disease from aspiration of organisms colonizing patient’s oropharynx • Systemic infection in immunocompromised • Liver disease patients at highest risk REVIEW

40. Pasteurella Diseases (cont.) Animal scratch or REVIEW