A.P. European History Society Under the Old Regime

1. A.P. European History Society Under the Old Regime

2. European Society in the Old Regime Aristocracy 100 200 300 400 500 Peasants 100 200 300 400 500 Agricultural Revolution 100 200 300 400 500 Industrial Revolution 100 200 300 400 500 Vocabulary And Big ideas 100 200 300 400 500

3. What were Sumptuary Laws? MAIN These were the restrictive laws that Europeans used that established societal guidelines for dress and fashion. SUBJECT: Aristocracy 500 400 300 200 100

4. What was Knights of the Robe or nobility who had acquired their titles through serving in the bureaucracy or purchasing their titles and Knights of the Sword or those Knights who had served in the military? MAIN This was the division in the French nobility and what each one of the titles meant. SUBJECT: Aristocracy 500 400 300 200 100

5. Who were the hobereaux? MAIN This was the name of the poor provincial French nobles who were not given high court offices and revenues and at times were no better off than then well to do peasants. 500 400 SUBJECT: Aristocracy 300 200 100

6. What was the Charter of the Nobility issued 1785? MAIN This was the royal decree issued by Catherine II ( the Great) that gave Russian nobles ( boyars) power over their serfs, freedom from taxes, and voluntary service to the state in exchange for their loyalty to her as the Tsarina. 500 400 SUBJECT: Aristocracy 300 200 100

7. What was agriculture or based on the land and idleness, no manual labor ( lives of leisure) ? This was the source of income for most of Europe’s nobility and the profession of many of the nobles especially in a more absolutist country. MAIN 500 400 SUBJECT: Aristocracy 300 200 100

8. What were banalities? MAIN These were the feudal dues that most French peasants were subject to and bound to pay such as the use of the lord’s oven to bake bread. 500 400 SUBJECT: Peasants 300 200 100

9. MAIN What was the robot? ( Corvee in France ) This was the term given to eastern European peasants requirement of obedient labor service to the lord of the manor and hence the name. ( The Jewish legend of the Golem comes from such an automaton ) 500 400 SUBJECT: Peasants 300 200 100

10. Who was Emelyan Pugachev? ( executed in Moscow in 1774) MAIN He was the Russian peasant who led a rebellion in Russia in 1773 in response to the Charter of Nobility and promising Russian serfs land and freedom. 500 400 SUBJECT: Peasants 300 200 100

11. What was the barshchina? MAIN This was the requirement of Russian peasant serfs to work six days a week for the lord of the manor and one of the many reasons Russian serfs had the worst fate in Europe. 500 400 SUBJECT: Peasants 300 200 100

12. What was hunting rights and poaching if not legal by peasants? MAIN This was the entitlement that many nobles used and many peasants were punished for, if caught, for supplementing their diets with meat. 500 400 SUBJECT: Peasants 300 200 100

13. What was the Netherlands or the Low Countries? MAIN This was the country where the new Agricultural Revolution began with the use of clovers and turnips to increase animal fodder and replenish nutrients and windmills and dikes to drain and maintain farmland from floods. 500 400 SUBJECT:Agricultural Revolution 300 200 100

14. Who was Jethro Tull? ( not the band) MAIN He was the English scientist and agricultural pioneer who applied the ideas of the Enlightenment to agriculture developing a new design for the plow and a horse drawn hoe for weed removal as well as developing the seed drill. 500 400 SUBJECT:Agricultural Revolution 300 200 100

15. Who was Charles (Turnip) Townsend? MAIN He was the former exchequer to the King of England who served with Robert Walpole in the government of George II and retired to raise and discuss nothing but turnips and crop rotation according the Alexander Pope. 500 400 SUBJECT:Agricultural Revolution 300 200 100

16. Who was Robert Bakewell? The Sheep in Colonial Williamsburg are English Leicester developed by Bakewell. MAIN He was the Englishman who first bred cattle for their use as food and improved the size of beef cattle so that they doubled in weight in using his selective breeding techniques and developed stronger draft horses and larger, prettier, sheep. ( baaaaadd) 500 400 SUBJECT:Agricultural Revolution 300 200 100

17. What was the Annals of Agriculture ? MAIN This was the publication on agriculture published by Arthur Young that included essays on farming techniques, breeding, and crop advice with submission by King George III writing under the name of Ralph Robinson. 500 400 SUBJECT:Agricultural Revolution 300 200 100

18. Who was Josiah Wedgwood?(His grandson was Charles Darwin) MAIN He was the innovative potter who developed a line of porcelain for the royal family and aristocracy and then developed cheaper copies for the general public. 500 400 SUBJECT:Industrial Revolution 300 200 100

19. MAIN What was the textile industry?At first the domestic or putting out system but as machines for weaving and spinning grew larger, the factory was created. This was the industry that started the industrial revolution in Great Britain. 500 400 SUBJECT:Industrial Revolution 300 200 100

20. What was James Hargreave’s Spinning Jenny? MAIN This was the invention which allowed the spinners the speed they needed to keep up with weavers after the invention of the flying shuttle by John Kay ( the book says James ). 500 400 SUBJECT:Industrial Revolution 300 200 100

21. What was Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame using water power from swift moving streams? MAIN This was the invention that was too large for the home and thus began the factory system and the birth of a new type of labor. 500 400 SUBJECT:Industrial Revolution 300 200 100

22. What was the steam powered loom invented by Edmund Cartwright? MAIN This was the inventor and invention that allowed factories to move their weaving process away from streams. 500 400 SUBJECT:Industrial Revolution 300 200 100

23. Who was Priscilla Wakefield? MAIN She was the female children’s writer and feminist, who traveled throughout Europe and advocated education for women to compete in the shrinking job market for women in the 18th century. 500 SUBJECT:Vocabulary and Big Ideas 400 300 200 100

24. What were the Gordon Riotsincited by Lord George Gordon? MAIN This was the mob action that broke out in England when a rumored Catholic plot was planned to take over the country. 500 SUBJECT:Vocabulary and Big Ideas 400 300 200 100

25. What were the ghettos? MAIN These were areas of the cities of Europe designated for Jews to live apart from the general population. 500 SUBJECT:Vocabulary and Big Ideas 400 300 200 100

26. Who was Samuel Oppenheimer? MAIN He was the most famous of the so called “Court Jews” who helped the Hapsburgs finance their wars against the Ottoman Empire and their defense of Vienna. 500 SUBJECT:Vocabulary and Big Ideas 400 300 200 100

27. What was the enclosure movement? MAIN This was the name given to the combination of numerous common lands to be used to make a larger more productive farm. 500 SUBJECT:Vocabulary and Big Ideas 400 300 200 100