Internet of Things - The Tip of the Iceberg or The Tipping Point

1. Internet of Things – The Tip of the Iceberg or the The Tipping Point? Presentation by: Dr. Mazlan Abbas

2. +Social Web of Things

3. +Internet of Things Wave Sensing as a Service and Big Data Expected growth in the number of connected devices Arkady Zaslavsky#1, Charith Perera#*2, Dimitrios Georgakopoulos#3 #ICT Centre, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia arkady.zaslavsky@csiro.au 2charith.perera@csiro.au dimitrios.georgakopoulos@csiro.au *Research School of Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Abstract— Internet of Things (IoT) will comprise billions of devices that can sense, communicate, compute and potentially actuate. Data streams coming from these devices will challenge the traditional approaches to data management and contribute to the emerging paradigm of big data. This paper discusses emerging Internet of Things (IoT) architecture, large scale sensor network applications, federating sensor networks, sensor data and related context capturing techniques, challenges in cloud-based management, storing, archiving and processing of sensor data. Keywords—Big Data, Sensing as a Service, Internet of Things, Large Scale Sensor Networks, Cloud Computing, Data Management. can be collected, analysed and interpreted. Further, European Commission [7] predicts that the present 'Internet of PCs' will move towards an 'Internet of Things' in which 50 to 100 billion devices will be connected to the Internet by 2020. IoT : Enabling communication between devices, people & processes to exchange useful information & knowledge that create values for human needs. 1.Introduction The modern technology-savvy world is full of devices comprising sensors, actuators, and data processors. Such concentration of computational resources enables sensing, capturing, collection and processing of real time data from billions of connected devices serving many different applications including environmental monitoring, industrial applications, business and applications. These developments have brought us to the era of Internet of Things (IoT) [1] by introducing IoT in 1998as concept [2]. However, sensing the environment around us and objects populating this environment became synonymous with the introduction of pervasive or ubiquitous computing by the paper  ‘The  Computer  for  21stCentury’  [3] in 1991 in the same year where World Wide Web became available. The major enabler of IoT is sensor networks. IoT has three unique features [4]: intermittent sensing, regular data collection, and Sense-Compute-Actuate (SCA) loops. In 2010, the total amount of data on earth exceeded one zettabyte (ZB) [5], [6](see figure 1). By end of 2011, the number grew up to 1.8 ZB [7]. Further, it is expected that this number will reach 35 ZB in 2020. As in many cases with ICT, this estimate may prove to be too conservative. IEEE Spectrum [6] recognises both sensors and big data as to of the five technologies that will shape the world (figure 2). According to Gartner Research [8], by 2015, wirelessly networked sensors in everything we own will form a new Web. But it will only be of value if the 'terabyte' of data it generates © 2013 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved. Figure 1: The total amount of data generated on earth exceeded one zettabyte in 2010.It is predicted that data volume will grow exponentially as depicted1. human-centric pervasive Figure 2: Data generated from the Internet of Things will grow exponentially as the number of connected nodes increases. Estimated numbers of connected nodes based on different sectors are presented in Millions [9]. 1 www.teradata.com

4. “We are at the tipping point for broader IoT adoption with 53 percent of organizations planning to implement an IoT solution in the next 24 months. Organizations in Asia Pacific and Latin America are more aggressive with 69 and 60 percent, respectively, planning to implement over the same time period” [Source: “Building Value from Visibility.” – A Forrester Consulting Thought Leadership paper Commissioned by Zebra Technologies, October 2012]

5. +More Connected Devices Than People

6. +Growth of “Things” Connected to the Internet

7. +We Evolve Because We Communicate The more data that is created, the more knowledge and wisdom people can obtain. Internet of Things (IOT) is the enabler.

8. +Google Search Trends on IOT, WSN and Ubiquitous Computing since 2004

9. +Possibilities Defined n  If we look at what is happening today, organizations across the globe are striving to do more with less and to be more nimble and efficient. n  To do so, organizations need more visibility into operations in order to make smarter business decisions and unlock potential within the value chain.

10. +Harnessing the Data n  Every day, events occur in a business: Assets are used, transactions take place and employees move about. n  Events constantly happen and those events constantly create data. n  What if you could harness this information and form new insights to solve a business challenge or drive innovation? n  The Internet of Things technologies will make this possible

11. +Smartphone as “Sensing Assistant” Sensors: •  Camera – “Eyes” •  Audio – “Ears” •  Accelerometer – “Speed” •  GPS – “Location” •  Gyroscope – “Movement” •  Compass – “Direction” •  Proximity – “Closeness” •  Ambient light – “Eyes” •  Others… Crowdsourcing Via Crowdsensing Context 1.  Spatial – Location / Speed Orientation 2.  Temporal – Time / Duration 3.  Environmental – Temperature / Light / Noise Level 4.  User Characterization – Activity (Mobility Pattern) / Social (Friends, Interactions) 5.  Resource Availability – Storage / Memory / Computational / Battery

12. At the push of a button, hipKey™ will save you time by helping you find your belongings. Simply attach the device to the item of your choice and you’re ready to go

13. +Fitbit Force

14. +Fitbit Force Video

16. By simply stepping on the scale, the Smart Body Analyzer provides users with a quick a comprehensive health snapshot that shows highly accurate weigh, body fat & heart rate readings. It will then transmitted to the Withings Health Mate mobile application via the built-in Internet connection. The results are stored and can be shared with a physician, dietician, support group or motivational team via Twitter or Facebook.

17. +Withings Video

18. +On Your Finger EyeRing – A Finger Worn Assistant The EyeRing, created by Pattie Maes’ fluid interfaces group at the MIT Media lab, recognizes objects and then announces, out loud, what they are.

19. +In Your face Vuzix M100 (Google Glass competitor)

20. +On Your Wrist CST 001 Nike+ Fuelband Leikr Smart Watch Pebble

21. +Atop Your Head Reebok Checklight

22. +Reebok Checklight Video

23. +On Your Skin Biostamp MC 10

24. +In Your Pocket Withings Smart Activity Tracker

25. +Inside You Balloon catheter with embedded flexible circuitry MC 10

26. +Thought Controlled Computing The flagship product, MindWave, is a headset that can log into your computer using just your thoughts. Researchers recently used the EEG headset to develop a toy car that can be driven forward with thought. NeuroSky’s smart sensors can also track your heart rate and other bodily metrics and can be embedded in the next generation of wearable devices. “We make it possible for millions of consumers to capture and quantify critical health and wellness data,” Yang (CEO of Softbank) said. Softbank is the funder. [Source: http://venturebeat.com/2013/11/04/next-step-for-wearables-neurosky-brings-its-smart-sensors-to-health-fitness/ ]

27. +Internet of Things Era – Why Now? Smartphones New Business Models Sensors IOT Big Data Analytics Mobility Compute Power

28. New Business Model Monetizing the Sensor Data

29. +The Sensing-as-a-Service Model “Sensing as a Service Model for Smart Cities Supported by Internet of Things”, Charith Perera1, Arkady Zaslavsky, Peter Christen, Dimitrios Georgakopoulos, TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES Trans. Emerging Tel. Tech. 2014

30. +Top 10 Places That Have Banned Google Glass Because of these concerns, Google Glass has already received a number of pre-bans at certain places. 1.  Banks/ATMs 2.  Sports Arenas/Concert Venues 3.  Locker Rooms/Dressing Rooms 4.  Movie Theaters 5.  Cars 6.  Hospitals 7.  Classrooms 8.  Strip Clubs 9.  Casinos 10. Bars Lifelogging: Is It An Invasion Of Privacy? I think the really big issue here is that you might, individually, not worry about publishing details of your personal life. But you are publishing your friends, family and business contacts details at the same time. You are potentially compromising your family and friends!

31. +Chronos Infographics

32. +Smart Home Scenario – Interactions in Sensing-as-a-Service Model “Sensing as a Service Model for Smart Cities Supported by Internet of Things”, Charith Perera1, Arkady Zaslavsky, Peter Christen, Dimitrios Georgakopoulos, TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES Trans. Emerging Tel. Tech. 2014

33. +Efficient Waste management in Smart Cities Supported by the Sensing-as-a-Service “Sensing as a Service Model for Smart Cities Supported by Internet of Things”, Charith Perera1, Arkady Zaslavsky, Peter Christen, Dimitrios Georgakopoulos, TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES Trans. Emerging Tel. Tech. 2014

34. +Efficient and Effective Collaborative Research Supported by Sensing-as-a-Service Model The sensing-as-a-service model allows researchers to share resources across borders and understand phenomenon which are not available in their own countries.

35. +NoiseTube – Crowdsourcing of Pollution Data Using Smartphones Motivations to participate •  Citizens and Communities concerned with noise •  Measure your daily sound exposure in dB(A) with your mobile phone •  Tag noisy sources to inform the community about them •  Visualize your measurements on a map and contribute to the creation of collective, city-wide noise maps •  Compare your experience with that of others •  Privacy: all measurements are yours.You decide to make them public or not •  Local governments / city planners •  Improve decision-making by understanding local and global noise pollution in your city using maps and statistics •  Get immediate feedback and opinions from citizens •  Give immediate feedback to citizens •  Researchers •  Get access to and analyze (anonymized) collective noise data •  Find out what is important in soundscape perception •  Developers •  Extend our mobile app in whichever way you see fit •  Use our environmental sensor web API to do your own web mashups [Note: See Google Map View]

36. +IOT Application Scenario - Shopping (2) When shopping in the market, the goods will introduce themselves. (1) When entering the doors, scanners will identify the tags on her clothing. (4) When paying for the goods, the microchip of the credit card will communicate with checkout reader. (3) When moving the goods, the reader will tell the staff to put a new one.

37. +Advantages and Benefits of Sensing-as-a-Service n  Participatory sensing n  Innovations – new perspectives n  Sharing and reusing n  Applications - monetizing n  Reduction of data acquisition cost n  Real-time data for decision making and policy making n  Collect data previously unavailable – assist scientific community

38. + IOT Research Challenges Wireless Communications

39. +IoT Technology Challenges Identification Technology IOT Architecture There is a need for the IoT architecture to provide effective caching and synchronization of information updates in both directions, to support things and application scenarios that lack reliable permanent network connectivity IOT deployment will require the development of new technologies that need to address the global ID schemes, identity management, identity encoding/encryption, authentication and repository management using identification and addressing schemes and the creation of global directory lookup services and discovery services for IOT applications with various unique identifier schemes Communications Technology This implies that no single hardware and software platform will be sufficient to support the whole design space and heterogeneous systems will be used. Issues – Deployment, mobility, cost , size, resource, heterogeneity, communication modality, infrastructure, network topology, connectivity, coverage, network size, lifetime, etc) Network Technology The IoT deployment requires developments in network technology which is essential for implementing the vision reaching out to objects in the physical world and to bring them into the Internet. Need to offer solutions that reduced costs that can offer the viability of connecting almost anything to the network. © 2013 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved. 39

40. +IoT Technology Challenges Network Discovery Software and Algorithms The need for Open Middleware Platform – A service oriented computing for developing distributed and federated applications to support interoperable machine to machine and “thing” to “thing” interaction over a network. IOT network will dynamically change and continuously evolving and the things feature varying degrees of autonomy. New “things” will be added and existing network topologies will be moved around. In the context of IoT automated discovery mechanisms and mapping capabilities are essential to network management and needed for overall communication management. Analytics & Semantic Technology Hardware The need for intelligent decision-making algorithms will need to trigger activities not on the basis of a single event (such as an individual observation or sensor reading) but often also considering correlations among events and often requiring transformation of the raw sensor data. Translating data to information to knowledge. Nano-electronics devices will be used for implementing wireless identifiable systems with the focus on miniaturization, low cost and increased functionality. Smart devices enhanced with inter-device communication will result in smart systems with much higher degrees of intelligence and autonomy. © 2013 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved. 40

41. +IoT Technology Challenges Discovery and Search Technologies Relationship Network Management Technologies The IoT requires managing networks that contains billons of heterogeneous “things”, and where a wide variety of software, middleware and hardware devices exists. Net- work management technologies cover a wide area of elements including, security, performance and reliability. Information and services about things will be fragmented across many entities. As a thing moves through the real world, it will encounter new environments and both the smart things and other agents that are monitoring the things will require lookup mechanisms in order to discover what capabilities are available within the local environment of the thing. Power & Energy Storage Technologies Security & Privacy Technologies The systems that do work are not designed for resource-restricted devices. Network and data anonymity can provide a basis for privacy, but at the moment, these technologies are mainly supported by rather powerful equipment, in terms of computing power and bandwidth. Power and energy storage technologies are enablers for the deployment of IoT applications. These technologies has to provide high power density energy generation and harvesting solutions that, when used with today’s low power Nano-electronics, enables a self powered intelligent sensor based wireless identifiable device. © 2013 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved. 41

42. +IoT Technology Challenges Standardization Standards are required for bidirectional communication and information exchange among things. One particular challenge in this regard is ensuring global interoperability particularly for things and devices that make use of radio spectrum. Also to develop standardized semantic data models and ontologies, common interfaces and protocols © 2013 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

43. +Roadmap of key technological developments in the context of IoT application domains envisioned. [Source: “Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions “, J. Gubbi et.al, Future Generation Computer Systems 29 (2013) 1645-1660]

44. +Functional View of IOT Technologies “Sensing as a Service Model for Smart Cities Supported by Internet of Things”, Charith Perera1, Arkady Zaslavsky, Peter Christen, Dimitrios Georgakopoulos, TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES Trans. Emerging Tel. Tech. 2014

45. +“Box-Level” View of IOT Building Blocks “Sensing as a Service Model for Smart Cities Supported by Internet of Things”, Charith Perera1, Arkady Zaslavsky, Peter Christen, Dimitrios Georgakopoulos, TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES Trans. Emerging Tel. Tech. 2014

46. +Today’s Wireless Landscape

47. +Communication Technologies

48. +Power Available from Energy Sources

49. +Summary

50. + THANK YOU EMAIL: mazlan@gmail.com TWITTER: mazlan_abbas FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com/drmazlanabbas LINKEDIN: my.linkedin.com/in/mazlan/ SLIDESHARE: www.slideshare.net/mazlan1