Deadly Alliance

1. Deadly Alliance Global Warming and Global Dimming

2. Heating of earth’s surface by reflected sunlight Increase in greenhouse gases promotes Majority attributed to anthropogenic causes. Last 40 years 1°C increase globally Next 40 years maybe 3°C? UT professor using coral samples to collect data Global Warming

3. Skeptical?

4. Trend of Temperature with CO2 *Picture from: http://www.brighton73.freeserve.co.uk/gw/paleo/20000yrfig.htm

5. Aerosols – fine particulate matter in form of solids or liquids Usually from chemical or combustion processes Are usually ‘washed-out’ in rain Sulfur containing compounds Forms Clouds – diffuse fraction of solar irradiance Change optical properties of clouds Lack of rain Famine and drought of 80’s in Ethiopia. Global Dimming – what is it?

6. Clouds at Molecular Level Regular occurring particles Aerosol particles * From NASA’s eath observatory website

7. Consequences of Global dimming • World gets darker • Plant photosynthesis light limited • Less solar energy possible • Masking effects of global warming • True global warming affect could already be in the 3°C-5°C range. • Clouds are chemically changed • Causes famine and drought • Acid rain formation

8. NOx total = 41 Fossil Fuels - 21 Aircraft - 0.58 Lightning - 7 NH3 total = 54 Domestic Animals - 21.6 Oceans - 8.2 SO2 total = 88 Fossil fuels - 76 Volcanoes - 9.3 H2S total = 25 Oceans - 24 VOC’s total = 236 Anthropogenic - 109 Terpenes - 127 Global Dimming – sources *From IPCC Third Assessment Report

9. Solution: Attack Global Dimming and Global Warming together • Reductions of particulates recently show brightening affect. • Leads to more apparent global warming consequences. • Temp increase in wake of 9/11 • 1.1°C in 3 days • Global effort • CO2 sequestration • Renewables • Algae farms

10. Questions??