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History of Great Britain

History of Great Britain. Pre – Celtic Period – (before 800 BC). Stonehenge. Celtic Period (800 BC – AD 43). Iron Age Brythons (indigenous peoples inhabiting the island of Great Britain south of the river Forth ) – the name Britain. Roman Period (AD 43 – 410). network of roads

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History of Great Britain

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  1. History of Great Britain

  2. Pre – Celtic Period – (before 800 BC) • Stonehenge

  3. Celtic Period (800 BC – AD 43) • Iron Age • Brythons (indigenous peoples inhabiting the island of Great Britain south of the river Forth) – the name Britain

  4. Roman Period (AD 43 – 410) • network of roads • Hadrian’s Wall

  5. Anglo – Saxon Period (410 – 1066) • 7th century – 7 kingdoms (Heptarchy) Northumbria, Mercia, Kent, East Anglia, Essex, Sussex and Wessex– various dialects of English • 829 – Egbert – King of Wessex united them -> 1st English King • 9th century – Vikings

  6. Norman Period (1066 – 1154) • 1066 – the Battle of Hastings – Normans led by William, Duke of Normandy (William the Conqueror) defeated the Saxon King Harold • French nobility – influence on language • William was crowned king on Christmas Day, 1066 at Westminster Abbey

  7. Magna Carta • signed by King John in 1215 • guarantee of rights and rule of law • accept that King‘s will could be bound by the law

  8. the Hundred’s Year War • 1338 – 1453 • conflict between two royal houses for the French throne • England (House of Plantagenet) defeated

  9. the Wars of the Roses • 1455 – 1485 • series of dynastic civil wars • the House of Lancaster (red rose) X the House of York (white rose) • Henry Tudor (Lanc.) defeated Richard III (York) -> Henry VII , he married Elizabeth of York -> end of fighting

  10. Other important events • 1543 – the Church of England separated from the authority of the Pope • 1558 – 1603 - Queen Elizabeth I – Britain – major sea power • 1642 – 1649 – Civil War(Charles I against supporters of Parliament) -> Oliver Cromwell established a republic; 1660 – monarchy restored

  11. 1688 – Glorious Revolution – confirmation of the sovereignty of Parliament • 1760s – 1850s – the Industrial Revolution – industrialisation and urbanisation (technological innovations, extension of the right to vote, formation of trade unions, development of universal public education) • 1815 – defeat of Napoleon – Britain’s role strengthened its position as the leading world power

  12. 1837 – 1901 – reign of Queen Victoria • 63 years and seven months, longer than that of any other British monarch • Victorian era, a time of industrial, political, and military progress within the United Kingdom • great expansion of the British Empire; large parts of Africa and Asia added • married her first cousin, Prince Albert (becamefavourite)

  13. World War I – huge casualties and economic losses • 1921 – independence of Ireland • 1927 – the formal name of the UK changed to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland • World War II – great bombing damage, the Battle of Britain (mainly 1940)

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