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The Secret of the German Language

The Secret of the German Language. Lesson 2: Can you handle the truth? This is going to get pretty intense today. Maybe we ought to hold hands and sing Kum-ba-ya first. But how do you say Kum-ba-ya in German? Okay. Back to business. The Secret of the German Language.

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The Secret of the German Language

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  1. The Secret of the German Language • Lesson 2: • Can you handle the truth? • This is going to get pretty intense today. • Maybe we ought to hold hands and sing Kum-ba-ya first. • But how do you say Kum-ba-ya in German? • Okay. Back to business.

  2. The Secret of the German Language • We had written a chart and looked at the first row called “nominative” (which is basically the subject of the sentence). • Today we’ll expand that and even venture carefully into the next row. • We might even pick up a few more tricks . . . • If I’m in the mood.

  3. The Secret of the German Language • There are several other words that function like der, die and das. • I’m going to call these “der words.” • Write these down in your notes under the heading “der words.”

  4. The Secret of the German Language • Dies- (this/these) • Jed- (each/every) • Welch- (which) • Solch- (such/such a) • Manch- (many/many a/some/several) • Jen- (that/that one)

  5. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) So if you have a sentence like: Der Mann ist hier You can use these other der words as long as the ending is still –r.

  6. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Dieser Mann ist hier. Jeder Mann ist hier. Welcher Mann ist hier? Solcher Mann ist hier. Mancher Mann ist hier. Jener Mann ist hier.

  7. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) So how would you say: These children are nice.

  8. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Did you get: Diese Kinder sind nett.

  9. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) How would you say: Which woman is tall?

  10. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Did you get: Welche Frau ist groß.

  11. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) What about this one? This school is cool.

  12. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Did you get: Diese Schule ist cool.

  13. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) How about: Every boy is awesome.

  14. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Did you get: Jeder Junge ist toll.

  15. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) How about: This chicken is delicious.

  16. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Did you get: DiesesHähnchen(or Huhn) istlecker.

  17. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) One more: Such a teacher (f) ist wonderful.

  18. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) The (f) meant feminine. Did you get: Solche Lehrerin ist wunderbar.

  19. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) So now that you have mastered the nominative, young grasshopper, it is time to move to the next row.

  20. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) The next row says Accusative, which is mostly the direct object (although it goes beyond that). So you know what a direct object is, right?

  21. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) No, it’s not a baton an orchestra conductor uses. That’s not a direct object. Anyone know the definition?

  22. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Here’s my take: A direct object receives the direct action of the verb. Or put more simply: It’s what’s being verbed.

  23. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) So in a sentence like: I see the man I ask what is being verbed? (seen?)

  24. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) The man is being verbed. He’s being seen. He is receiving the direct action of the verb.

  25. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) So when this happens in German, you follow the second row in the same way you did the Nominative.

  26. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) So from the subject: Der Mann ist hier. Now you have: Ich sehe den Mann.

  27. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Similarly you would have: Ich sehe die Frau. Ich sehe das Kind. Ich sehe die Kinder.

  28. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) The other der words work here, too. Ich sehe diesen Mann. Ich sehe jede Frau. Ich sehe dieses Kind. Ich sehe solche Kinder.

  29. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) So what endings would go here? Welch__ Junge schaut d__ Frau an?

  30. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Did you get: Welcher Junge schaut die Frau an?

  31. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) How about: Dies__ Hund grüßt jed__ Katze.

  32. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Did you get: Dieser Hund grüßt jede Katze.

  33. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) How about this one: Jed__ Junge schaut dies__ Mädchen an.

  34. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Did you get: Jeder Junge schaut dieses Mädchen an.

  35. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) So try some of these translations: The man kisses the woman.

  36. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Did you get: Der Mann küsst die Frau.

  37. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) How about this one: This teacher (m) buys such a pen!

  38. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Did you get: Dieser Lehrer kauft solchen Kuli!

  39. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Careful! Potential Pitfall! Although esgibtmeans there is/are and es gab means there was/were, they literally mean “it gives” and “it gave”!

  40. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Careful! Potential Pitfall! Therefore, whatever “esgibt”, is “given”, making it the direct object of the verb gibt(accusative), while esfunctions as the subject (nominative), the giver.

  41. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) So how would you say, “There is man”?

  42. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Did you get: Es gibteinen Mann.

  43. masculine feminine neuter plural Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Okay. One more gem: Most nouns that end in –er are masculine. Eimer, Verkäufer, Computer, etc.

  44. adjective Endings -e masculine feminine neuter plural -en Nominative (Subject) Accusative (Direct Object) Dative (Indirect Object) Genitive (Possessive)

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