A Workshop for Communities Implementing Water Loss Management Prepared for Columbia Basin Trust

1. Leak Detection Methods A Workshop for Communities Implementing Water Loss Management Prepared for Columbia Basin Trust by IKEN Services Ltd. May 2013

2. Introductions & Learning Objectives • Review of Prior Work on Water Loss • Leak Detection Methods & Equipment • Break • Field Work: Leak Detection Tools/Methods/Equipment • Lunch • Field Work: Leak Detection Tools/Methods/Equipment • Break • How Leak Detection Fits into a Water Loss Management Plan

3. By the end of this workshop participants will: • Understand the role that leak detection plays in an overall Water Loss Management Program; • Become familiar with the tools and equipment used in leak detection; • Be able to identify types of distribution system leakage by various acoustic methods; • Determine the feasibility and economy of common leak detection methods for their utility.

5. Community status reports • On a sheet of flip chart paper, list the work done to date on water loss management in your utility.

6. Quick Review from January 2013 • IWA Water Balance Components • Night Flow Analysis • Real Loss vs. Background Leakage

7. Billed Authorized Consumption Billed Metered Consumption Revenue Water Authorized Consumption Billed Unmetered Consumption Unbilled Authorized Consumption Unbilled Metered Consumption Unbilled Unmetered Consumption System Input Volume Unauthorized Consumption Apparent Losses Non Revenue Water Customer Meter Inaccuracies Water Losses Leakage on Transmission & Distribution Mains Real Losses Leakage and Overflows at Reservoirs Leakage on Service Connections up to metering point IWA Standard Water Balance 7 7

8. Pressure Management Speed and Quality of Repairs Active Leakage Control Pipeline and Assets Management: Selection, Installation, Maintenance, Renewal, Replacement Putting the Pieces Together UARL calculation based on • mains length, • number of services, • customer meter location • average pressure Infrastructure Leakage Index ILI = CARL/UARL (ICF is zone ILI) Unavoidable Annual Real Losses UARL Current Annual Real Losses CARL 8

9. Active Leakage Control Measures • Active leakage is defined as an active effort to locate and repair unreported leaks • Sonic Survey • Correlation Surveys • Noise Logging Surveys • Night Flow Sector Analysis • Temporary or Permanent District Metered Area • Step Testing • Transmission Main Surveys

10. Active Leakage Control Measures • We're going to look at acoustic methods of leak detection • to support work done already in Night Flow Analysis within District Metered Areas.

11. BURST DURATION FLOW RATE A L R TIME Tackling Unreported Break AwarenessAwareness: length of time a leak runs before utility personnel are aware of it - you can't repair what you don't know is out there!

12. BURST DURATION FLOW RATE A L R TIME Tackling Unreported Break Location

13. BURST DURATION FLOW RATE A L R TIME Tackling Unreported Break Repair

14. Active Leakage Control Measures

15. Sonic Leak Surveys The basic method for finding any leak is sounding. This method involves listening to each main’s fitting and service connection stop taps in a zone, DMA or suspected area, to determine if there is a noise that could potentially be a leak.

16. Sonic Leak Surveys… • Should be considered as a preventive maintenance program; conducted routinely regardless of whether more advanced leakage methods are used. • Not as effective on non-metallic pipes. • Can be labour intensive • Difficult to determine achieved savings or effectiveness without other monitoring in place.

17. …Sonic Leak Surveys • Incorporate listening methods when doing other maintenance: • Hydrants • Valves • Service repairs • Main repairs

18. Noise Logging Surveys • Analysis of acoustic logger data • A good leak noise will produce a steady concentrated sound. • Typically a high peak with a narrow spread • General wide spreads with no definite peaks are normal when no leaks are present

19. Noise Logging Surveys

20. Sonic Ground Microphone Surveys • Hard on the technician – walking and listening! • Everything sounds the same after a while. • Very effective over short distances. • Better used as leak location confirmation tool.

21. Correlation Surveys • More effective then sonic surveys but also much more time consuming and expensive. • Correlation equipment in constant development. • Best used as a leak pinpointing tool.

22. Correlation Pinpointing • Correlation is only as good as information provided! • Proper training needed to interpret results. • Always confirm with ground microphone, if possible.

23. Correlators in Hard Situations • Unknown mixed pipe situation. • I can hear it … but it won’t correlate! • Background Noise!

24. Repair Time • The “Repair” component deals with how quickly the leak is isolated or a repair crew is dispatched and the repair completed. • The “Quality” aspect covers the actual repair itself and is geared towards ensuring the following key components: • Safety • Water Quality • Proper Training • Documentation

25. 75 1.1 Days reported mains burst 82.5 m3 m3 / day reported service connection burst 400 m3 16 Days m3 / day 25 L A R unreported service connection burst > 4500 m3 182.5 Days 25 m3 / day L R A Bursts with high flow rates don’t produce the largest volume of Real Losses! Run time is a key factor.

26. Step Testing(Isolating (valving) sections of the DMA) Step testing lets you sector off parts of your DMAs to further prioritize leak localization efforts.

27. Reservoir Drop Test • By isolating a reservoir to a known area and determining the rate of fall in the reservoir, minimum night flow can be established.

28. Active Leakage Control + Pressure Management • Flow rates from unreported breaks are commonly estimated and added. • But, as leaks are fixed, system pressure rises… • …background leakage increases… • …new breaks may be generated. • Thus actual reduction in night flow is less then estimated. • But…if pressure management is possible, pressure can be reduced as breaks are repaired. • And full benefit obtained from active leakage control intervention.

30. Group Work- Learning Objectives • Familiarization with types of leak detection equipment • Locating leakage in real time • Distinguishing between types of sound • Logistics for conducting leak sweeps

31. Field Exercise- Agenda • Three Leak Areas • Progress through each station • Each operator uses equipment to pinpoint noise • Move to next station

32. Field Exercises- Location C:\Users\Mike\Desktop\AATraining\CBT 2012\Administrative\leakdetection\Creston - Leak Detection Zones (May 2013).pdf

33. Group Work- Learning Objectives • Break into three groups: • Jamie- using the correlater area 1 • Mike- leak locating area 2 • Meredith/Elise- leak locating area 3

35. Field Exercises- Location C:\Users\Mike\Desktop\AATraining\CBT 2012\Administrative\leakdetection\Creston - Leak Detection Zones (May 2013).pdf

36. Field Exercise- Agenda • Reform groups • Return to each station • Confirm leakage location and type • Review successes/challenges with different types of equipment • Move to next station

38. Developing a Water Loss Plan • With other members at your table, review your community's leak detection program • Analyze needs in order to begin leak detection as presented

39. Developing a Water Loss Plan • Present to the larger group results of your analysis and include: • Budget • Resources

40. Developing a Water Loss Plan • What strategies are available to your community in order to meet Water Loss Targets? • Advanced training? • Pooled resources? • Contract services?

41. What's Next for Your Community?

42. Summary Question & Answer Evaluation & Wrap Up

43. District Metered Areas Guidance Notes, 2007, J. Morrison, Water Loss Task Force • Managing Leakage By DMA- A Practical Approach, J. Morrison, IWA Task Force 2004 • A Manager's Non Revenue Water Handbook, Farley & Wyeth, 2008 • AWWA Water Loss Committee • NZ Water Loss Guidelines, Richard Taylor 2010

44. www.cbt.org/watersmart watersmart@cbt.org Meredith Hamstead, Coordinator Columbia Basin Water Smart