The Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) 2004-05

1. The Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) 2004-05 June 2005

2. Key findings • Total fertility rate unchanged • Maternal Mortality unchanged – 1996 was 529 in 2004/5 is 578 • IMR has decreased – from 99.1 in 1999 to 68 in 2004/5 • UMR has decreased – from 146.6 in 1999 to 112 in 2004/5 • Malnutrition rate has decreased e.g. Stunting from 43.8% in 1999 to 38% in 2004/5 • More kids (under 5 yrs of age) are sleeping under nets in 1999 was 21% and in 2004/5 is 36% • Children with fever (proxy for Malaria) declined form 35% in 1999 to 23% in 2004/5

3. Background Characteristics • Two third (2/3) of women are currently married • About 40% of men have never been married • Almost one-quarter of women have no education – this is more than twice the proportion of men • Total fertility rate (TFR) has not changed since 1996 – in 1996 was 5.8 and now is 5.7 – statistically are the same • TFR for rural women is 6.5 and Urban women is 3.6 this means - on average, rural women will give birth to approximately three more children during their reproductive years than urban women • In general, Urban women are about twice as likely as rural women to use some contraceptive methods

4. Maternal Care and Mortality • In Mainland (47%) and Zanzibar (49%) - less that half delivered in a health facility • The situation is better in Urban where more that 80% delivered in health facility compared to 39% in Rural areas • Maternal Mortality rate has not changed is the same with that estimated in 1996. New estimate is 578 old estimate is 529. (not significant statistically)

5. Infant and Under-fives mortality rates Mortality rates for both infants and under-fives have declined

6. Immunization • About 70% of children are fully immunized • There is significant variation by residence – About 80% of Urban children are fully immunized compared with 69% of rural children

7. Diarrhoea 54% of children who had diarrhoea (2 wks before the survey) were given solution prepared from ORS packet and 70% were given ORT.

8. Malaria • Half of the interviewed households own mosquito nets but only 14% own ITN • The trend of under-fives to sleep under net has increased from 21% in 1999 to 36 % in 2004/5 • One out of ten under-fives and one of out ten pregnant mothers slept under ITN a night before the survey .

9. Exclusive breastfeeding 70% of children of less than 2 months of age are exclusively breastfed. – Data collected in 2004/5 indicate that complementary foods are introduced at a young age in Tanzania

10. Malnutrition There is a decline in malnutrition rates Moderate Stunting – 38% and severe stunting was 13% Wasting - 3% Moderate Underweight –21% and severe underweight was 4% The nutrition status is much better in Urban compared to rural areas

11. Other nutrition apects Anaemia – two thirds of children are anaemic Anaemia - The disparity between Mainland and Zanzibar is alarming – 42% and 63% respectively Vitamin A - the coverage is 46 % three times compared to what was observed in TCHRs 1999 Iodised salt – 43% of households use adequately iodised salt – urban households are twice as likely as rural households to have fully iodised salt