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Psychology in Action 8e by Karen Huffman

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Psychology in Action 8e by Karen Huffman

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    1. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman PowerPoint ? Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders Karen Huffman, Palomar College

    2. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Lecture Overview Studying Psychological Disorders Anxiety Disorders Mood Disorders Schizophrenia Other Disorders

    3. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Studying Psychological Disorders Abnormal Behavior: patterns of emotion, thought, and action considered pathological for one or more of four reasons: statistical infrequency disability or dysfunction personal distress violation of norms

    4. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Studying Psychological Disorders: Four Criteria for Abnormal Behavior

    5. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Culture-General Symptoms: shared symptoms across cultures

    6. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Studying Psychological Disorders (Continued) Historical perspectives: In ancient times, people believed demons were the cause of abnormal behavior. In the 1790s, Pinel and others began to emphasize disease and physical illness, which later developed into the medical model.

    7. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Psychological Disorders Historical Classifications can be products of their culture Homosexuality: 1952-Dec 9, 1973 ADHD or simply rambunctious kids?

    8. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Studying Psychological Disorders (Continued) Modern psychology includes seven major perspectives on abnormal behavior.

    9. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Studying Psychological Disorders: Classifying Abnormal Behavior The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR): provides detailed descriptions of symptoms contains over 200 diagnostic categories grouped into 17 major categories and five dimensions (or axes)

    10. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Studying Psychological Disorders: Classifying Abnormal Behavior (Cont.) Five Axes of DSM-IV-TR (guidelines for making decisions about symptoms) Axis I (current clinical disorders) Axis II (personality disorders and mental retardation) Axis III (general medical information) Axis IV (psychosocial and environmental problems) Axis V (global assessment of functioning)

    11. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

    12. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) DSM: Pros and Cons To Label or Not to Label…that is the question?

    13. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) “UN-DSM” Divided into clusters of “Strengths” Wisdom/Knowledge Courage (i.e. integrity, honesty) Love (i.e. kindness) Justice (i.e. leadership/team work) Temperance (i.e. humility, self control) Transcendence (i.e. hope, optimism)

    14. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Anxiety Disorders Anxiety Disorder: characterized by unrealistic, irrational fear Four Major Anxiety Disorders 1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder: persistent, uncontrollable, and free-floating anxiety 2. Panic Disorder: sudden and inexplicable panic attacks

    15. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) “Basket Case” by Billy Joe Armstrong of Green Day Do you have the time To listen to me whine About nothing and everything All at once I am one of those Melodramatic fools Neurotic to the bone No doubt about it Sometimes I give myself the creeps Sometimes my mind plays tricks on me It all keeps adding up I think I'm cracking up Am I just paranoid? Or I'm just stoned I went to a shrink To analyze my dreams She says it's lack of sex That's bringing me down I went to a whore He said my life's a bore So quit my whining cause It's bringing her down Sometimes I give myself the creeps Sometimes my mind plays tricks on me It all keeps adding up I think I'm cracking up Am I just paranoid? Uh, yuh, yuh, ya Grasping to control So I better hold on Sometimes I give myself the creeps Sometimes my mind plays tricks on me It all keeps adding up I think I'm cracking up Am I just paranoid? Or I'm just stoned

    16. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Anxiety Disorders (Continued) 3. Phobia: intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation 4. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): intrusive, repetitive fearful thoughts (obsessions), urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors (compulsions), or both

    17. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) PTSD Anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, social withdrawl, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomonia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience. (eg. Wars, accidents, disasters, sexual assault victims) More severe the exposure, the longer the disorder occurs

    18. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Anxiety Disorders (Continued) Explanations of Anxiety Disorders: Psychological--faulty cognitions, maladaptive learning Biological--evolution, genetics, brain functioning, biochemistry Sociocultural—environmental stressors, cultural socialization

    19. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Common OCD: Adolescents OBSESSIONS: Germs, Dirt (40%) Terrible things will happen to them (24%) Order and exactness (17%) COMPULSIONS: Hand Washing, grooming, cleaning (85%) Rituals--i.e. in/out of doors. (51%) Check Doors, locks, homework (46%)

    20. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Mood Disorders Mood Disorders: characterized by extreme disturbances in emotional states Two Main Types of Mood Disorders: Major Depressive Disorder: long-lasting depressed mood that interferes with the ability to function, feel pleasure, or maintain interest in life Bipolar Disorder: repeated episodes of mania and depression

    21. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Mood Disorders (Continued) Using this hypothetical graph, note how major depressive disorders differ from bipolar disorders.

    22. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Mood Disorders (Continued) Explanations of Mood Disorders: Biological--brain functioning, neurotransmitter imbalances, genetics, evolution Psychosocial--environmental stressors, disturbed interpersonal relationships, faulty thinking, poor self-concept, learned helplessness, faulty attributions

    23. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Mood Disorders (Continued) Gender and Cultural Diversity: Culture-general symptoms for depression (e.g., sad affect, lack of energy) Women more often depressed. Why? Combination of biological, psychological, and social forces (biopsychosocial model)

    24. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Dealing with Depression Medication vs. Therapy?? SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) Paxil, Zoloft, Prozac MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor) Marplan, Parnate

    25. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Schizophrenia Schizophrenia: group of psychotic disorders, characterized by a general loss of contact with reality Five areas of major disturbance: Perception (hallucinations) Language (word salad, neologisms) Thoughts (psychosis, delusions) Emotion (exaggerated or flat affect) Behavior [unusual actions (e.g., catalepsy, waxy flexibility)]

    26. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Symptoms of Schizophrenia Hallucinations (most common hear voices) Language and Thought (i.e. Word Salad) Emotional Disturbances (Flattened affect) Behavioural Disturbances (i.e. Cataleptic) Delusions: Paranoid Delusion Delusion of Grandeur Delusion of Persecution Delusion of Reference

    27. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Symptoms of Schizophrenia Symptoms are divided into positive and negative symptoms: Negative: Absence of appropriate behaviour Expressionless face, rigid body, no tone in voice Positive: Presence of inappropriate behaviour Hallucinations, inappropriate emotions

    28. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Schizophrenia (Continued)

    29. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

    30. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Schizophrenia (Continued) Explanations of Schizophrenia: Biological--genetic predisposition, disruptions in neurotransmitters, brain abnormalities Psychosocial--stress, disturbed family communication Diathesis Stress Model

    31. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)

    32. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Schizophrenia (Continued) Gender and Cultural Diversity: Numerous culturally general symptoms, but significant differences exist in: prevalence form onset prognosis

    33. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Other Disorders (Continued) Dissociative Disorders: splitting apart (dis-association) of experience from memory or consciousness Types of Dissociative Disorders: Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative Fugue Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

    34. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Other Disorders (Continued) Best known and most severe dissociative disorder: Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): presence of two or more distinct personality systems in the same person at different times (previously known as multiple personality disorder)

    35. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Dissociative Disorders: Causes Need for escape History of extreme trauma (abuse)

    36. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Other Disorders (Continued) Personality Disorder: inflexible, maladaptive personality traits causing significant impairment of social and occupational functioning Types of personality disorders: Antisocial Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder

    37. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Antisocial Personality Disorder: profound disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others Key Traits: egocentrism, lack of conscience, impulsive behavior, and superficial charm Other Disorders (Continued)

    38. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Other Disorders (Continued) Explanations of Antisocial Personality Disorder Biological--genetic predisposition, abnormal brain functioning Psychological--abusive parenting, inappropriate modeling

    39. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): impulsivity and instability in mood, relationships, and self-image Explanations of BPD: Psychological--childhood history of neglect, emotional deprivation, abuse Biological--genetic inheritance, impaired brain functioning Other Disorders (Continued)

    40. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Other Disorders Substance-related disorder (abuse of, or dependence on, a mood- or behavior-altering drug) Two general groups: Substance abuse (interferes with social or occupational functioning) Substance dependence (shows physical reactions, such as tolerance and withdrawal)

    41. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Other Disorders: Substance-Related Disorder

    42. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Other Disorders (Continued) People with substance-related disorders also commonly suffer from other psychological disorders, a condition known as comorbidity.

    43. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman PowerPoint ? Lecture Notes Presentation End of Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders Karen Huffman, Palomar College

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