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Chapter Twenty-Two

Chapter Twenty-Two. World War I, 1914—1920. Part One:. Introduction. Chapter Focus Questions . How did America’s international role expand? How did the United States move from neutrality to participation in the Great War?

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Chapter Twenty-Two

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  1. Chapter Twenty-Two World War I, 1914—1920

  2. Part One: Introduction

  3. Chapter Focus Questions • How did America’s international role expand? • How did the United States move from neutrality to participation in the Great War? • How did the United States mobilize the society and the economy for war? • How did Americans express dissent and how was it repressed? • Why did Woodrow Wilson fail to win the peace?

  4. Part Two: American Communities

  5. Vigilante Justice in Bisbee, Arizona • Industrial Workers of the World (“Wobblies”) • Bisbee, Arizona. • Vigilantism. • 2,000 under armed guard. • No action. • No unions, no immigrants.

  6. Part Three: Becoming a World Power

  7. Roosevelt: The Big Stick • God-given. • “Big stick”. • Panama Canal. • Monroe Doctrine expansion. • “Open Door”. • Russo-Japanese War.

  8. Taft: Dollar Diplomacy • Taft. • “Dollar diplomacy”. • Military interventions. • Japan /Chinese railroads.

  9. Wilson: Moralism and Realism in Mexico • Woodrow Wilson. • Favored Open Door. • American capitalism moral. • Troops to Mexico. • U.S. troops leave Mexico.

  10. Part Four: The Great War

  11. The Guns of August • Britain-Germany competition. • The Triple Alliance: Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary • The Triple Entente: England, France, and Russia • Small advances/major entanglements. • Archduke Ferdinand. • Austria pushed to retaliate. • Serbia Russia protectorate. • Serbia attacked, Russia and Alliance retaliate.

  12. American Neutrality • Americans neutral. • Old World ties. • Propaganda. • Economic ties. • Wilson opposed blockade. • Allies trade increases.

  13. Preparedness and Peace • Britain waters a war zone. • Lusitania. • Wilson mobilizes • Wilson re-election.

  14. Safe for Democracy • 1917 submarine warfare. • Wilson breaks German ties. • Mexico-Germany. • Zimmerman note. • Ships armed. • U-boats sank 7 merchant ships. • April 6, 1917, Congress declared war.

  15. Part Five: American Mobilization

  16. Selling the War • George Creel. • Committee on Public Information. • The CPI: • published literature • sponsored huge rallies • portrayed America as a unified moral community • Germans bestial monsters

  17. Fading Opposition to War • Progressives-intellectuals. • Suffrage leaders. • Minority anti-war.

  18. “You’re in the Army Now” • Draft. • 10 million register. • Democratic equality among troops.

  19. Racism in the Military • Blacks separated. • Non-combat. • Heroic. • French respect.

  20. Americans in Battle • Shipping. • End hastened. • Americans defend Paris. • Armistice forced. • 112,000 die, half from disease.

  21. Part Six: Over Here

  22. Organizing the Economy • Ultimate progressive crusade. • War Industries Board • Bernard Baruch. • Herbert Hoover. • Daylight saving time. • Taxes. • Liberty Bonds.

  23. The Business of War • Industrialists’ profits. • Mass production. • Golden age-high demand, high profits. • Business-government partnership • RCA. • Higher Government presence.

  24. Labor and the War • Wartime labor shortage. • National War Labor Board (NWLB). • Immigration eased. • Radical IWW destroyed.

  25. Women at Work • Women worked. • Women in Industry Service. • Women earned less. • War over, women fired..

  26. Woman Suffrage • Women’s suffrage. • Carrie Chapman Catt. • Alice Paul. • Nineteenth amendment.

  27. The Vote for Women

  28. Prohibition • Temperance movement: • anti-German feeling • conserve grain • moral fervor • Eighteenth amendment.

  29. Public Health • public health issues. • Soldiers’ moral health. • Flu epidemic. • Clinics.

  30. Part Seven: Repression and Reaction

  31. Muzzling Dissent:The Espionage and Sedition Acts • The Espionage Act of June 1917: • Military Intelligence police. • Bureau of Intelligence. • Sedition Act. • SCOTUS.

  32. The Great Migration • Mass African- American. • Kinship and community networks. • Lower-paid jobs.

  33. Racial Tensions • Racial violence. • Lynching. • White outrage. • African Americans disillusioned. • Sense of militancy.

  34. Labor Strife • Peace in Europe. • Postwar labor unrest: • inflation • non-recognition of unions • poor working conditions • concerns about job security • In 1919, 3,600. • Steel strike.

  35. Part Eight: An Uneasy Peace

  36. The Fourteen Points • Settlement. • Britain, France, Italy, and the United States. • Fourteen Points. • League of Nations.

  37. Wilson in Paris • Little idealism shared. • Self-determination . • Former German colonies. • Germany: $33 billion. • Wilson unhappy. • Pleased w/ League of Nations.

  38. I • Open covenants of peace…in the public view.

  39. II • Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas….

  40. III • The removal…of all economic barriers…

  41. IV • Adequate guarantees….that national armaments will be reduced….

  42. V • …impartial adjustment of all colonial claims…interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight…

  43. VI • The evacuation of all Russian territory… for the independent determination of her own political development and national policy…

  44. VII • Belgium...must be evacuated and restored…

  45. VIII • French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored…Alsace-Lorraine...should be righted…

  46. IX • A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.

  47. X • The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development.

  48. XI • Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated…

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