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Energy Management: 2013/2014

Energy Management: 2013/2014. Industrial Energy Use SGCIE and Primary Energy Evaluation Methods Class # 6 Prof. Tânia Sousa taniasousa@ist.utl.pt. Final Energy Use in Industry in 2005. Plastics and fertilizers. Aluminium, copper, nickel. Cement, ceramics, glass, lime. GEA, 2012.

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Energy Management: 2013/2014

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  1. Energy Management: 2013/2014 Industrial Energy UseSGCIE and Primary Energy Evaluation MethodsClass # 6 Prof. Tânia Sousataniasousa@ist.utl.pt

  2. Final Energy Use in Industry in 2005 Plastics and fertilizers Aluminium, copper, nickel Cement, ceramics, glass, lime GEA, 2012

  3. Final Energy Use in Industry in 2005 • World Industrial final energy use in 2005 is 115EJ • The bulk of industrial energy use is due to the production of a small number of energy intensive commodities: • Chemicals and petrochemicals and the iron and steel sector account for approximately half of all industrial energy used worldwide. • Other sectors that account for a significant share of industrial energy use: • non-ferrous metals, non-metallic minerals and the pulp and paper sector. Plastics and fertilizers Aluminium, copper, nickel Cement, ceramics, glass, lime GEA, 2012

  4. Final Energy Use in Industry in 2005 The bulk of industrial energy use isin developing economies (80% pop.)

  5. World production of key materials • Higher growth rates from the 90’ and then from the 2000’ onwards

  6. World production of key materials • Higher growth rates from the 90’ and then from the 2000’ onwards • Heterogeneous growth

  7. World Production of key materials • Growth rates between 2000-2007 • Per-capita demand for materials increases with income and economic development and then stabilizes

  8. World Production of key materials • Growth rates between 2000-2007 • Per-capita demand for materials increases with income and economic development and then stabilizes (exceptions: paper and aluminium) China is atypical

  9. World Production of key materials • Growth rates between 2000-2007 • Per-capita demand for materials increases with income and economic development and then stabilizes (exceptions: paper and aluminium)

  10. Industrial Energy Intensity • Industrial energy intensity - energy use per unit of production or VA (UNIDO, 2010): • It differs between different products and sectors • And for the same products/sector?

  11. Industrial Energy Intensity • Industrial energy intensity - energy use per unit of production or VA (UNIDO, 2010): • It differs between different products and sectors • It changes in time due to technological inovations

  12. Industrial Energy Intensity • Industrial energy intensity - energy use per unit of production or VA (UNIDO, 2010): • It differs between different products and sectors • It changes in time due to technological inovations

  13. Industrial Energy Intensity • Industrial energy intensity - energy use per unit of production or VA (UNIDO, 2010): • It differs between countries for similar products

  14. Industrial Energy Intensity • Industrial energy intensity - energy use per unit of production or VA (UNIDO, 2010): • It differs between countries for similar products WHY?

  15. Industrial Energy Intensity • Industrial energy intensity - energy use per unit of production or VA (UNIDO, 2010): • It differs between countries for similar products • Access to resources (steel from steel recycling is 8 GJ/ton while from iron ore is 20.6 GJ/ton) • Energy Prices • Plant size and age of capital stock • Capital cost (more efficient capital is also more expensive - interest rates) • Awareness of energy efficiency measures and opportunity cost • Government policies

  16. Energy Benchmark Curve • Management tool to compare similar plants in energy use andenergyefficiency (improvmentpotential) more efficient Specific energy consumption Energy efficiency index

  17. Benchmarking Industrial Energy Use

  18. Benchmarking Industrial Energy Use

  19. Benchmarking Industrial Energy Use • Average 10-20% or 30-35% improvmentpotential • Lowerthan for otherenergy uses (e.g. in buildingsisclose to 50%)

  20. World Sankey Diagram in 2005 IAASA – Global Energy Assessment 2012

  21. Industrial Energy Intensity • Industrial energy intensity (energy use per unit of VA): • Depends on what?

  22. Industrial Energy Intensity • Industrial energy intensity (energy use per unit of VA): • Efficiency • Sectoral Structure

  23. Industrial Energy Intensity • Industrial energy intensity (energy use per unit of VA): • Efficiency • Sectoral Structure

  24. Energy Use in Industry

  25. SGCIE • SGCIE (DL 71/2008) – Sistema de Gestão dos Consumos Intensivos de Energia (Energy Management System for Intensive Energy Consumers)

  26. SGCIE • SGCIE (DL 71/2008) – Sistema de Gestão dos Consumos Intensivos de Energia (Energy Management System for IntensiveEnergyConsumers) • Itpromotesenergyefficiency for bigprimaryenergyconsumers • Itpromotescleanprimaryenergyfuels mix

  27. SGCIE • Domain of Application • All entities with an annual primary energy consumption higher than 500 toe (1 toe = 41868 MJ) • Exceptions: Cogeneration facilities, transport entities and buildings • Supervision • DGEG • Management • ADENE

  28. SGCIE • Obligations (for IEC entities) • Promotetheregistrationoffacilities • PerformEnergyAudits • Every 6 years for entities 1000 toe • Every 8 years for entitiesfrom500 to 1000 toe

  29. SGCIE • Obligations (for IEC entities) • Develop Energy Racionalization Plans • Every measure with payback lower than 5 years must be implemented in the first 3 years for entities  1000 toe • Every measure with payback lower than 3 years must be implemented in the first 3 years for entities from 500-1000 toe

  30. SGCIE • Obligations (for IEC entities) • Develop Energy Racionalization Plans • Energy Intensity must decrease 6% in 6 years for entities  1000 toe • Energy Intensity must decrease 4% in 8 years for entities from 500 to 1000 toe

  31. SGCIE • What is the relationship between the Energy Intensity obtained using the definition in SGCIE and the energy specific consumption obtained with the block diagrams methodology?

  32. SGCIE • TheEnergyIntensityobtainedusingthedefinition in SGCIE isthesameobtainedwiththeblockdiagramsmethodologyif: • Thereisonlyoneproduct • Theenergyspecificconsumptionsofthe inputs is zero Electricity 13 G 14 11 12 C 8 (produção 1) A E 1 D B F 2 Fueloil

  33. SGCIE • Obligations (for IEC entities) • Develop Energy Rationalization Plans • The carbon intensity must not increase • Why a goal on carbon intensity?

  34. SGCIE • Obligations (for IEC entities) • Develop Energy Rationalization Plans • The carbon intensity must not increase • Why a goal on carbon intensity? • Promote less polutant energy mixes (do not increase energy efficiency by replacing less polutant energy forms with more polutant ones)

  35. SGCIE • Conversion coefficients for CO2 emissions and primary energy • Despacho nº 17313/2008

  36. SGCIE • Conversion coefficients for CO2 e emissions and primary energy • For primary fuels:

  37. SGCIE • Conversion coefficients for primary energy • For electricity (in kWh per toe)? Thermoelectricity produced with coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, urban waste and biogas

  38. SGCIE • Conversion coefficients for primary energy • For electricity: Thermoelectricity produced with coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, urban waste and biogas

  39. SGCIE • Conversion coefficients for primary energy • For electricity: • What would happen to this coefficient if we consider cogeneration? Thermoelectricity produced with coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, urban waste and biogas

  40. SGCIE • Conversion coefficients for primary energy • For electricity: Thermoelectricity produced with coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, urban waste and biogas

  41. SGCIE • Conversion coefficients for CO2 emissions • For electricity (in kg CO2 e per kWh)? 2348.8 kg CO2 e/toe 3236.4 kg CO2 e/toe 4111.4 kg CO2 e/toe

  42. SGCIE • Conversion coefficients for CO2 emissions • For electricity (in kg CO2 e per kWh) 2348.8 kg CO2 e/toe 3236.4 kg CO2 e/toe 4111.4 kg CO2 e/toe

  43. SGCIE • Conversion coefficients for CO2 emissions and primary energy • For electricity: • Conversão directa de kWh em tep?

  44. SGCIE • Conversion coefficients for CO2 emissions and primary energy • For electricity: • Conversão directa de kWh em tep? • 1kWh=3.6MJ=3.610-3/41.87 tep = 86 10-6

  45. SGCIE • Conversion coefficients for CO2 emissions and primary energy • For vapor:

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