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Art and Literature in America

Art and Literature in America. Immigrants. 1815-1860 Over 5 million IRISH Largest wave of immigrants nearly 2 million Potato famine in 1845 GERMANS 2 nd largest group of immigrants 1.5 million Escape violence, repressions, & failed revolutionaries. Nativism.

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Art and Literature in America

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  1. Art and Literature in America

  2. Immigrants • 1815-1860 • Over 5 million • IRISH • Largest wave of immigrants • nearly 2 million • Potato famine in 1845 • GERMANS • 2nd largest group of immigrants • 1.5 million • Escape violence, repressions, & failed revolutionaries

  3. Nativism • feelings ofhostility towards foreigners • Anti-Catholic: Supreme Order of the Star Spangled Banner, 1849 • Membership was secret and those questioned replied “I know nothing” • Became known as the Know Nothings

  4. The Second Great Awakening • Commitment to organized religion was weakening • 1800s revive American commitment to religion • Salvation through faith • Religion as American Culture • Start several reform movements • Abolition • Temperance

  5. The Message • Individuals must readmit God and Christ into their daily lives • All could attain grace through faith

  6. Charles Grandison Finney • advocate of Second Great Awakening • Everybody had the capacity for spiritual rebirth and salvation • Founded modern revivalism • Warned against using to politics to change society

  7. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints • Mormons • Joseph Smith, 1830 • Published The Book of Mormon • Brigham Young became the leader and they moved to Utah • Build a kingdom on earth

  8. Utopian Communities • society tended to corrupt human nature • Way to a better life was to separate themselves from society and form their own utopia, or ideal society • Cooperative living and the absence of private property • Brook Farm • Onedia Community • New Harmony

  9. Shakers • Religious group • Social & spiritual equality • Did not believe in marrying or having children so their group dissolved

  10. Literature • Romanticism: • feeling over reason • inner spirituality over external rules, • individual over society • nature over environments created by humans • Transcendentalism: • New England writers • Overcome limits of the mind • Let their souls reach out

  11. Ralph Waldo Emerson • Most influential transcendentalist • In Nature, 1836, • communion with the natural world

  12. Henry David Thoreau • Civil Disobedience • Resistance to civil gov’t • Encouraged Martin Luther King, Jr. and Ghandi • Walden • Simple living; natural

  13. James Fenimore Cooper • The Last of the Mohicans • 1826 • The Leather Stocking Tales • Writes about West and U.S. adventures • Not about Great Britain = U.S. Nationalism

  14. Nathaniel Hawthorne • Short stories: • 2 major romances: • The Scarlett Letter • The House of Seven Gables • Dark Romanticism: guilt, sin, and evil are inherent qualities of people

  15. Noah Webster • Textbook author • Spelling reformer • “Father of American Scholarship and Education” • Webster Dictionary • American English (not British)

  16. Washington Irving • Father of the American Short Story • Legend of Sleepy Hollow • Rip Van Winkle

  17. Alex de Toqueville • Democracy in America • Noticed uniquely American ideas: • Individualism • Capitalism

  18. Edgar Allen Poe • Wrote poems and short stories • “The Raven” • Tell-Tale Heart

  19. Hudson River School • Landscape painters • Mid-1800s • Romanticism • American Art • Glorified American Landscape

  20. Penny Press • Inexpensive newspapers • Local news & gossip • Specialized Magazines • Atlantic Monthly • Harper’s Weedkly • Goedy’s Landy’s Book

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