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Cicero: A Conclusion

Cicero: A Conclusion. Let’s Review: Career. born in 106 BC advanced through cursus honorum – a novus homo 80 BC – he defended Roscius in a politically delicate case ( Hortensius , #1 prosecutor; C had to defend an anti- Sullan ) 69 BC – prosecuted Verres

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Cicero: A Conclusion

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  1. Cicero: A Conclusion

  2. Let’s Review: Career • born in 106 BC • advanced through cursushonorum– a novus homo • 80 BC – he defended Roscius in a politically delicate case (Hortensius, #1 prosecutor; C had to defend an anti-Sullan) • 69 BC – prosecuted Verres • 63 BC – exposed Catilinarian conspiracy

  3. Cicero’s De Oratorepalmipsest (vellum reused, but original text is still visible)

  4. In Catilinam: A Review • 4 speeches delivered in 63 BC #1 – held in temple Catiline leaves Rome #2 & 3 – delivered from rostra #4 – delivered in Temple of Concord • Caesar – exile prisoners • Cato – moved to kill conspirators; overwhelming senatorial support

  5. Aftermath of the Conspiracy • 5 conspirators led to Tullianum (dungeon of Mamertine) and strangled: “Vixerunt.” • Catiline’s “army” had grown to about 10,000 (but not trained well) • Catiline killed in battle at Pistoria(Jan. 62 BC) (NW of Florence, 150 miles from Rome) • Cicero hailed paterpatriae • However, his glory days were about to end.

  6. PubliusClodiusPulcher(c. 92 – 52) • born into Claudian(patrician) family • sister named Clodia • Catullus called her Lesbia in his poems • rumored to have poisoned her husband Bona Dea Scandal:Dec. 62 BC • women only; Vestal Virgins & patricians • held at house of PontifexMaximus Caesar • Pompeia, Caesar’s wife, cavorting w/ weird lady • Caesar’s ma, Aurelia, discovered the deception • divorce ensues • 61 BC, trial of Clodius, who was out of town (?) • Cicero destroyed alibi • jurors bribed; Clodius acquitted

  7. Revenge & Gangs • adopted by plebeian family to be tribune • 58 BC – instituted a law outlawing executions without trial • Cicero into voluntary exile to Greece • Titus Annius Milo became tribune in 57 and recalled Cicero • Pompey supported Cicero’s return (esp. since Cicero did not support Caesar) • Clodius’ gang vs. Milo’s gang (perhaps supported by Pompey) • Jan. 18, 52 BC – murder on Appian Way • Clodius killed • Cicero defended Milo • Milo convicted & exiled

  8. Death of Cicero • Antony a political rival • Cicero regaining power and popularity • Philippics – 14 speeches against Antony • Delivered in 44 – 43 BC • Argued that Antony was taking too many liberties • Cicero executed • Fulvia, Antony’s wife & Clodius’ former wife, spat on head, pierced tongue w/ hairpins • Man who betrayed Cicero – turned over to Pomponia, Quintus’ ex-wife (Q = C’s bro) • Forced man to cut off his own flesh bit by bit, roast the pieces, and eat them

  9. The Waning Days of the Republic • 31 BC – Battle of Actium • 30 BC – Antony and Cleopatra die • 27 BC – Octavian given title “Augustus” • Empire begins

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