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4.2 Mutations

4.2 Mutations. Gene Mutation. Gene mutation is the change in the order of the A,G,C,T bases in a gene These altered genes can have a positive, negative or no effect on the organism. Types of Mutations. Deletion - One base is missing The Gene should be AC T GCGT But instead is ACGCGT

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4.2 Mutations

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  1. 4.2 Mutations

  2. Gene Mutation • Gene mutation is the change in the order of the A,G,C,T bases in a gene • These altered genes can have a positive, negative or no effect on the organism

  3. Types of Mutations • Deletion- One base is missing The Gene should be ACTGCGT But instead is ACGCGT • Addition- One extra base is added The Gene should be ACTGCGT But instead is ACTGTCGT • Substitution-One base is substituted for another The Gene should be ACTGCGT But instead is ACGGCGT

  4. How do the X-Men’s superpowers relate to mutation? The addition, deletion, or substitution let to different proteins being made Ex) Wolverine’s mutation of his DNA produced proteins that could rapidly repair broken cells X-Men

  5. X-Men Mutations= Not Likely • What do real mutations result in? • Check out some real mutations

  6. Snake?

  7. Leaf?

  8. Bee?

  9. Wasp?

  10. Camouflage

  11. Camouflage

  12. Poisonous?

  13. Owl?

  14. Would the following mutations be harmful, beneficial, or have no impact?

  15. Would the following mutations be harmful, beneficial, or have no impact? This is the usual appearance of the pepper moth. It blends right in with its surroundings to avoid being eaten.

  16. However, factories in an area polluted and the trees became a blackish color

  17. Would the following mutations be harmful, beneficial, or have no impact? As a result of a mutation, a black version of the pepper moth is now better suited

  18. Would the following mutations be harmful, beneficial, or have no impact?

  19. Positive Mutation • The mutation of a gene has a positive impact on the organism • Ex) Mutated gene that creates a protein that prevents HIV from infecting the organism

  20. Negative Mutation • Small changes in certain genes have harmful effects on the organism Ex) Sickle cell anemia

  21. Neutral Mutation • The mutation has no impact on the organism • Ex) Spirit Bear

  22. Mutagens • Substances or factors that cause mutation in DNA • Ex) UV Light, x-rays, pollutants and other harmful chemicals

  23. Correcting Mutations • Gene Therapy- replace a mutated gene with a healthy copy • Complicated and highly experimental

  24. Other Mutations

  25. Other Mutations

  26. Other Mutations

  27. Other Mutations

  28. Other Mutations

  29. Other Mutations

  30. Other Mutations

  31. Other Mutations

  32. Other Mutations Spider-tailed Viper- Iran

  33. Other Mutations Squid Camo...4:24 Mimic Octopus

  34. Other Mutations

  35. Other Mutations Lyre Bird

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