UNDP Publication in support of the Millennium Development Goals Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability

1. UNDP Publication in support of the Millennium Development Goals Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability

2. WATER – A CRITICAL RESOURCE FOR UZBEKISTAN’S FUTURE The Objectives The Structure Authors’ Group Main Sources Acknowledgement Umid Abdullaev UZGIP (Uzgipromeliovodkhoz ) Institute

3. Publication Structure • Summary • Chapter 1. Water in Global and Regional Context • Chapter 2. Water - A Critical Resources for Uzbekistan • Chapter 3. Water Resource Management and Use • Chapter 4.Transboundary Water Resources Management Problems • Chapter 5. IWRM Is Future of Water Resource of Uzbekistan

4. WATER – A CRITICAL RESOURCE FOR UZBEKISTAN’S FUTURE

5. Water in Global Perspective Global Water CrisisFacts: • Only 0.4 % of the world’s water is accessible to people; currently more than 2 billion people in more than 40 countries have a lack of water (GWP, 2002 ); • 70-90% the amount of fresh water used to grow crops in developing countries; (IWMI, 2005); • around 1.1 billion people have no access to safe drinking water;every year around 2 million children die of sea water-borne diseases alone(UN,2004); • over the past decade many more people have died as a result of polluted water than from AIDS or as a result of military conflict (UN,2004).

6. Water in Regional Context Growing Concern • waterscarcity and water resources contamination in time and in space; • deterioration of water and energy infrastructures and inefficient management and rapid growth of maintenance costs; irrational distribution of water leading to wasteand shortage; • growth of tension between the upper and lower river reaches and an increase in intersectoral conflictsthreaten human beings and ecosystem functions which are the basis of public welfare; • the expected growth in economic activity will cause increasing pressure on river runoff and global climate and water deficiency problems will become more and more critical.

7. Change of Water Demands Due to Climate Change The Problem • Glaciers have already lost 115.5 km3 of their reserves or approximately 20% of the total reserve at the level of 1957 ; • Change in flow generation components, etc. Its Impact Increase in the weather extremesand severity of mudflow and droughts ; Changes in the time of spring flooding; Increase in the leaching /pre-irrigation and irrigation rates up to 10% ; Increase in the intensity of the dust storms and salt transfer processes, etc Who is impacted? Inhabitant and environment, towns & settlements ; Infrastructure, river and irrigation complex facilities; Agroecosystems and agriculture and water sectors, etc; Natural ecosystems especially in the lowlands ,etc

8. Council of the Heads of the Central Asian Countries on the Aral Sea Basin Problems President of Fund Auditing Commission EC IFAS IFAS Board Joint Dispatch Center “Energy” ICWC ISDC SIC SDC SIC ICWC BVO Amudarya BVO Syrdarya CIC ICWC Territorial Administrations of the Basin Water Management Associations Regional Management Structure and Institutions Structure of the International Fund for Saving of the Aral Sea (IFAS)

9. Status and Infrastructure of BVOs Syrdarya River Basin Amudarya River Basin Problems and Needs

10. Joint Activities to Stabilize the Situation in the Aral Sea Littoral Zone The firstpriorityof theIntergovernmental Concept for Saving the Aral Sea Littoral Zoneis follows: • creation of a controllable pond system on the dried bottom for the Amudarya river and control over part of the Small sea for the Syrdarya river; • creation of a polder system on the dried sea bottom; • carrying out phyto - ameliorative works to fix the drifting sands; • discharge of the collector and drainage waters into the sea aquatorium through the scattered zones in sands.

11. Joint Management of Water and Energy Resources in the CAR : Progress and Problems • Regional agreements and its implementation in the transit period; • Growth of tension in streamflow redistributions: • by seasons - «energy-irrigation» • by river length - «upper-low reaches» • Monitoring and water use control issues; • Perspectives of regional cooperation and partnership.

12. WATER – A CRITICAL RESOURCE FOR UZBEKISTAN’S FUTURE The Main Dilemma for Republic of Uzbekistan: • the highest water demand for satisfaction needs of 26 millionpopulation and ecosystem conservation; • limited possibilities to directly influence the regime and volume of water flow, because the country is located in the middle and low reaches of transboundary rivers; • deterioration of the water quality, especially in the low river reaches, etc

13. Approved Volumes of Available Water Resources for Uzbekistan, km3 Internal Runoff, км3

14. Global and Regional Partnership The Republic of Uzbekistan is: a partyto three Rio Conventions,as well as a number of other international conventions, protocols and agreements; a party to bilateral and multilateral agreements and a participant in regional initiatives in the Central Asia; a member of the Global Water Partnership and Regional Water Partnership of Central Asia and Transcaucasia Unites; participates in the Sub-Regional Program and regional initiatives, etc

15. Donor Activities Donor Assistances by Sectors Donor Contributions to Uzbekistan Around 73% of all donor funding was provided to the water and health sectors

16. Irrigation and Drainage Irrigation in Uzbekistan Before Independence • The extensivedevelopment of virgin lands and creation of the huge water complexes for cotton production; • Water mismanagement and ill-considered use of water and naturalresources…. • Irrigation and Drainage during Transition Period • Deterioration of the fixed assets of irrigation systemsand O&M system, and rapid growth of infrastructure maintenance costs; • Deterioration/loss of the resource base for agricultural production costs the country approximately $1.0 billion annually(WB, 2003); • The annual loss of agricultural production in Uzbekistan due to land salinity/degradation is estimated at $31 million, and losses caused by land abandonment (due to its high salinity) are approximately $12 million(ADB,2005).

17. Water Problems by Syrdarya River Basins Water deficit during summer in the Fergana valley reaches up to 1.5 km3/year New ecological and socio-economic threats and risks Raising of the groundwater table and associated processes of waterlogging, soil salinizationand underflooding Water probability in the middle reaches does not exceeding of 65-70% Depletion and pollution of the fresh underground water reserves The total water deficit for Uzbekistan in the Syrdarya river basinis estimatedas2.5 km3/year.

18. Water Problems by Amudarya River Basins Exhaustion and pollution of the Kashkadarya and Zarafshan river’s runoff Wear out of KKPC and ABK equipment capacity limits water intake from Amudarya on 2 km3. Water shortage and deterioration of water quality for drinking water supply and irrigation Disturbing the structure and functions of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems particularly in middle and low reaches The total water deficit for Uzbekistan in the Amudarya river basinis 1.5 -3.0 km3/year, depending on water availability in a particular year.

19. Future Water Supply and Demand The Common Tasks : • to provide water demand for needs of the growing population and ecosystem conservation; • to prevent ecosystem degradation; • to overcome changes that may disturb the life support system reproduces the food products, biomass and different types of the ecological services. The future water demand by 2025 is estimated as 72.4 km3, that corresponds to the total available water resources established by the Interstate Agreement of 1992. The required investments for the rehabilitation of I&D infrastructure in the mid- and long-term is $24.5 billion, excluding the cost of developing new lands (GEF/WB,2002).

20. THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION