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Energy Conservation Awareness Workshop For Students of Final Year Engineering (An Exclusive Program for Engineering Colleges in Gujarat) Organized & Sponsored by Gujarat Energy Development Agency - A Government of Gujarat Organization -.

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  1. Energy Conservation Awareness Workshop For Students of Final Year Engineering (An Exclusive Program for Engineering Colleges in Gujarat)Organized & Sponsored by Gujarat Energy Development Agency- A Government of Gujarat Organization -

  2. We are thankful to Dr. B.G.DESAIfor his guidance and help in preparing this Presentation Module especially for the EC Awareness Workshops for Engineering Colleges

  3. CONTENTS • ENERGY IN INDIA • WHY SAVE ENERGY • INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY • ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION OF EQUIPMENTS • TARIFFS AND ELECTRICITY BILLS • ENERGY AUDIT • ELECTRIC MOTORS AND PUMPS • LIGHTING • COMPRESSED AIR • REFRIGERATION • P.F. CONTROL • CASE STUDIES • ANNEXURE- 1 Energy Conservation Act • ANNEXURE- 2 BEE Star Labeling, • ANNEXURE- 3 Tips for Industries

  4. 1 ENERGY IN INDIA

  5. ENERGY IN INDIA Commercial Energy Sources Non Commercial Energy Sources Renewable Sources of Energy Non Renewable Sources of Energy

  6. COMMERCIAL ENERGY SOURCES * Non Renewable Sources of Energy Coal and Lignite * Natural Gas * Oil * Nuclear Energy * Hydro Electricity

  7. Non Commercial Energy Sources Fire Wood Agricultural Waste Dung Cake

  8. Renewable Sources of Energy Solar Energy Wind Energy Tidal Energy Geothermal Energy Wave Energy Hydro Electricity

  9. ENERGY RESERVES

  10. Expected Life INDIA HAS LESS THAN 1% OF WORLD OIL & GAS RESERVES AND 17% OF WORLD POPULATION

  11. CONCLUDING REMARKS India is importing 80% of oil, 15 to 20% of coal and Gas. This dependence will only increase in foreseeable future. Such heavy dependence on imported energy, poses serious questions about energy security and balance of payment. Rupee has already declined to rupee 68 /$. To meet challenge of climate change and environmental pollution, improving energy efficiency is a cost effective solution. 4. Present planning remains supply oriented. It must be oriented to demand management. 5. Major resources, financial and human; must be provided to demand management. CONTD…….

  12. CONCLUDING REMARKS • Non commercial sources firewood, agriculture waste and dung cake still contribute about 33% of our energy needs. Their end use efficiency as well as supply management must form an integrated part of our energy policy. Energy efficient cook stoves, solar cookers , decentralized solar systems must form part of major policy initiative. • Education system must emphasize Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation and Moderate Life Style.

  13. ENERGY CONSERVATION MEANS • AVOIDING WASTAGE OF ENERGY • USE OF EFFICIENT EQUIPMENT • MODERATION OF ENERGY USE

  14. ENERGY CONSERVATION MEANS • AVOIDING WASTAGE OF ENERGY • SWITCHING OFF IDLE LIGHTS,FANS • SWITCHING OFF IDLE AND REDUNDANT EQUIPMENT • REDUCING WATER ,STEAM,COMPRESSED AIR LEAKEAGES • EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY • EFFICIENT EQUIPMENT AND PROCESSES • HIGH EFFICIENCY PUMPS,FANS,MOTORS,LIGHTS • EFFICIENT OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE • CLEANING OF EQUIPMENTS,WATER TREATMENT ETC. • MODERATION OF ENERGY USE

  15. MODERATION OF ENERGY USE USE COMPRESSIORS , FANS, PUMPS WITH MINIMUM PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, FLOW USE OF SMALL SIZE EQUIPMENT LIKE MOTORS, PUMPS, REFRIGERATOR, T.V.SETS, VEHICLES 400 LIT. HIGH EFFICIENCY FRIDGE WILL CONSUME MORE ENERGY THAN 165 LIT. MODEL 42 INCH T.V. WILL CONSUME 4 TIMES MORE POWER THAN 21 INCH T.V. FAN POWER 50 WATTS AIRCOOLER 200 WATTS AIRCONDITIONER 1500 WATTS CYCLING/WALKING IN PLACE OF 2/4 WHEELERS TELEPHONE ,E-MAIL IN PLACE OF TRAVEL

  16. DIRECT AND INDIRECT USES OF ENERGY 1. ELECTRICITY, LPG, DIESEL, PETROL, COAL ARE DIRECT USES OF ENERGY 2. WE USE LOT OF MATERIALS, TAKE FOOD, WEAR CLOTHES. ALL THESE ACTIVITIES CONSUME LOT OF ENERGY. CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS ALSO USE ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION MEANS REDUCING BOTH DIRECT AND INDIRECT USES OF ENERGY

  17. WHY SAVE ELECTRICIY - 1 • ELECTRICITY IS GENERATED BY BURNING COAL,OIL,GAS IN THERMAL POWER STATION • 1 UNIT (KWH) OF ELECTRICITY REQUIRES 3 UNITS OF PRIMARY FUELS LIKE COAL, OIL, GAS (EFFICIENCY – 30%) • HUGH TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION NETWORK IS REQUIRED TO BRING ELECTRICITY FROM POWER STATIONS TO CONSUMERS • T & D LOSSES ARE ABOUT 25% • 1 KWH (UNIT) SAVED BY CONSUMER LEADS TO SAVING OF 4 UNITS OF PRIMARY FUEL

  18. WHY SAVE ELECTRICITY - 2 • HYDRO ELECTRICITY, WIND, SOLAR BIOMAS ELECTRICITY IS RENEWABLE AND NON POLLUTING • SHARE OF HYDRO ELECTRICITY HAS DROPPED FROM 50% TO ABOUT 15% NOW • WIND POWER IS NOW COMPETITIVE WITH COAL/GAS/OIL • SOLAR PV (PHOTOVOLTAIC) IS VERY EXPENSIVE • 7-8 crores/MW Rs. 10-15/KWh

  19. WHY SAVE ELECTRICITY - 3 • SETTING UP POWER STATIONS IS VERY EXPENSIVE • 1 MW REQUIRES 4 CRORES TO 5 CRORES • 1 KW REQUIRES Rs. 40,000 TO 50,000 • WITH TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION TOTAL INVESTMENT REQUIRED IS Rs. 60,000 TO Rs. 70,000 PER KW • 1 KW DEMAND SAVED LEADS TO SAVINGS OF Rs. 60,000 to 70,000

  20. WHY SAVE ELECTRICITY 4 • POWER STATIONS REQUIRE LEAD TIME OF 5 TO 7 YEARS • CONSERVATION PROJECTS CAN BE IMPLEMENTED IN SIX MONTHS TO 1 YEAR • CAPITAL COSTS FOR CONSERVATION PROJECTS IS Rs. 2000 TO Rs. 10,000 PER KW • GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY LEAD TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION • 1 KWH LEADS TO 1KG OF CO2 FOR COAL • 1 KWH LEADS TO 0.4 KG OF CO2 FOR GAS • 1 KWH LEADS TO 0.65 KG OF CO2 FOR OIL • THIS LEADS TO GLOBAL WARMING • 1 KWH GENERATION REQUIRES 4 TO 8 LITERS OF WATER

  21. WHY SAVE ELECTRICITY - 5 • SAVING OF ELECTRICITY LEADS TO SAVING OF COAL,OIL,GAS • SAVINGS OF COSTS TO CONSUMERS • REDUCES COSTS OF SETTING UP EXPENSIVE POWER STATIONS • REDUCES ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION REDUCING GLOBAL WARMING • SAVES TIME FOR SETTING UP POWER STATION

  22. WHY SAVE ELECTRICITY - 6 • AN EXAMPLE • 10 100WATTS BULB COSTS Rs. 100 LOAD = 1000 WATTS • 10 20 WATTS CFL COST Rs. 1500 LOAD = 200 WATTS • AN EXTRA INVESTMENT OF Rs. (1500-100)Rs.1400 LEADS TO SAVING OF (1000-200) 800 WATTS. THIS IS EQUAL TO Rs. 1750 PER KW • COMPARE THIS TO Rs. 60,000 TO Rs. 70,000 KW

  23. WHY SAVE ELECTRICITY - 7 AN EXAMPLE • FOR 5 HRS/DAY, TOTAL HRS/YR = 5 X 365 = 1825 HRS. • ELECTRICITY CONSUMED BY ONE 100 WATTS BULB IS 1825X100 / 1000 = 182.5 KWH (UNIT) • ELECTRICITY CONSUMED BY 20 W CFL IS • 1825X20/1000 = 36.5 KWH (UNIT) • SAVING IN ELECTRICITY 182.5 – 36.5 = 146 KWH • AT 5 Rs./KWH THIS IS 146X5 = Rs.730 • EXTRA INVESTMENT Rs. 150 – 10 = Rs. 140 • PAY BACK PERIOD = 2.3 MONTHS ( 160/730)

  24. ENERGY EFFICIENT TUBE LIGHT

  25. ENERGY EFFICIENT CEILING FANS

  26. Energy Consumption of Domestic Appliances(Normal Appliance) Avg.Monthly Consumption = 177 units

  27. Energy Consumption of Domestic Appliances(Energy Efficient Appliances) Avg.Monthly Consumption = 107 units

  28. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT • For sustainable development, adopt a moderate life style using less natural resources and using them efficiently • Use of public transport in place of private transport • Use of vegetarian diet in place of non-vegetarian diet • Avoid use of energy intensive materials like plastics, metals • REDUCE REUSE RECYCLE

  29. Energy Conservation Awareness Workshop For Students of Final Year Engineering (An Exclusive Program for Engineering Colleges in Gujarat)Organized & Sponsored by Gujarat Energy Development Agency- A Government of Gujarat Organization -

  30. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY • CONCEPT OF POWER FACTOR • Electric motors, tube lights, transformers all work on principles of electromagnetic induction by faraday. To establish electromagnetic field in these device a type of current is required which is known as reactive current. For actually doing work, producing torque, heat, an active current is required. Total current flowing in line is vector sum of active and reactive currents.

  31. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY • CONCEPT OF POWER FACTOR • For better utilization of generators, transmission, distribution lines, it is necessary to restrict flow of reactive currents in these lines. Reduction of reactive current is known as power factor correction. • Power Factor = Active Current/ Total Current • (Total Current)2 = (Active Current)2 +(Reactive Current)2 • P.F. = kW / kVA • Power Factor correction is done by connecting capacitors. They must be connected near loads. Like motors, tube lights etc.

  32. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY • POWER • POWER CONSUMED BY ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IS GIVEN IN WATTS. • FOR SINGLE PHASE EQUIPMENT • POWER IN WATTS = VI COSø WHERE • V = VOLTAGE VOLTS , • I = CURRENT AMPS • COSø = P.F. • FOR THREE PHASE EQUIPMENT • POWER IN WATTS = √3 V I COSø

  33. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY • ENERGY • ELECTRICAL ENERGY IS MEASURED IN KWH(UNIT) • 1 KWH = 1000 KWH • ONE LIGHT BULB OF 100 WATTS RUNNING FOR 10 HOURS CONSUME 100 X 10 = 1000 WATT HOURS = 1 UNIT • FOR 230 VOLTS SUPPLY, BULB HAS P.F. = 1 • CURRENT TAKEN FOR 100 WATT BULBS • 100 = 230 X AMP X P.F. • = 230 X AMP X 1 • AMP = 100/230 = 0.434 AMP

  34. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY • ENERGY • FOR 40W TUBE LIGHT TOTAL POWER TAKEN WITH CHOKE • 40 + 15 = 55 WATTS P.F. = 0.5 • 55 = 230 X AMPS X 0.5 • AMPS = 55 / 230 X 0.5 = 0.478 AMP • 215 L REFRIGERATION MOTOR CONSUMES ABOUT 150 WATTS POWER FACTOR IS 0.7 • 150 WATTS = 230 V X AMPS X 0.7 • AMPS = 150/230 X 0.7 = 0.93

  35. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY-9 • ENERGY • 3 phase motors consume power as follows • POWER = √3 V I cosø • For a 5 hp (3.75 kw) 1 hp = 746 watts • At Full Load P.F. = 0.8 amps = 7.5 • Power Input = _/3 x 415 x 7.5 x 0.8 = 4307 watts • Power Output = 3730 watt • Efficiency = output/input = 3730/4307 = 86.67%

  36. ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BY EQUIPMENT • ELECTRIC BULBS • BULBS COME IN RATINGS OF 25W, 40W, 60W, 100 WATTS • ENERGY CONSUMED IS GIVEN BY NUMBER OF HOURS USED. • FOR 4 HRS/DAY USE FOR A 30 DAY MONTH • 60 WATTS WILL CONSUME ELECTRICITY • 4 X 30 X 60 = 7200 WATT HR = 7.2 KWH (UNIT) • FOR 6 HRS / DAY USE FOR A 30 DAY MONTH • 100 WATTS BULB WILL CONSUME ELECTRICITY • 6 X 30 X 100 = 18000 WATT HR = 18.0 KWH • HIGHER THE WATTS, HIGHER THE HOURS, HIGHER IS CONSUMPTION

  37. ELECTRIC BULBS • ZERO WATT BULB CONSUMES 15 WATT • FOR 30 DAYS, 9 HRS/DAY USE, ELECTRICITY CONSUMED • 30 X 15 X 9 = 4050 WATT HR = 4.05 UNITS • A 3 WATT CFL WILL CONSUME • 30 X 3 X 9 = 810 WATT HR = 0.81 UNITS

  38. Compact Fluorescent Lamp • CFLs SAVE 80% ELECTRICITY • NORMAL BULBS LIFE IS 1000 HRS • CFLS’ LIFE IS 5000 HRS BULB CFL 25 7 40 10 60 15 100 25 FOR 6 HRS / DAY 30 DAY MONTH 25 WATT CFL CONSUMPTION 6 X 30 X 25 = 4500 WATT HR = 4.5 UNITS COMPARE THIS WITH 18 UNITS FOR 100 WATT BULB

  39. Fluorescent Tubelights • NORMAL TUBELIGHTS (T-12) CONSUME 40 WATT. CHOKE OR BALLAST CONSUME 12 TO 15 WATTS. TOTAL CONSUMPTION IS 52 TO 55 WATTS • SLIM TUBELIGHTS (T-8) CONSUME 36 WATTS. CHOKE OR BALLAST CONSUME 12 TO 15 WATTS. TOTAL CONSUMPTION IS 48 TO 50 WATTS. • NEW T-5 TUBELIGHTS CONSUME 28 WATTS. ELECTRIC BALLAST CONSUME 2 WATTS. TOTAL T-5 CONSUMPTION IS 30 WATTS.

  40. Ceiling Fans • 1200 MM FAN AS PER BLS 374 (2002) WILL CONSUME 50 WATTS • MOST OF THE WELL KNOWN BRANDS CONSUME BETWEEN 65 TO 85 WATTS • CONSUMPTION FOR OTHER SIZES IS AS FOLLOWS: • 900 MM 42 WATTS • 1200 MM 50 WATTS • 1500 MM 63 WATTS • FAN AT LOWER SPEED CONSUME LESS ELECTRICITY

  41. Ceiling Fans Regulators FAN CONSUMPTION AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS REGULATOR POSITION NORMALELECTRONIC 1 40 WATTS 15 WATTS 2 51 WATTS 34 WATTS 3 61 WATTS 40 WATTS 4 68 WATTS - 5 76 WATTS 76 WATTS

  42. Refrigerators • 165 – 180 litres refrigerators consume 35 to 40 units per month • Consumption increases with age as air leaks through gaskets • 300 litres refrigerators consume 50 to 60 units per month • Frost free refrigerators have heating coils to defrost. They consume 50% more energy • Keep thermostat at highest possible temperature

  43. TV, Computer, etc. • 21” Colour TV consumes 100 watts • Larger sizes consume more electricity • Computer with 17” LCD screen consumes 70 - 80 watts • Other equipments • Immersion Heater 1000 watts • Instant heater 3000 watts • Storage heater 1000 watts • Washing machine 150 watts • Air conditioner 1500 watts/ton • Air cooler 150 to 200 watts

  44. EFFECT OF VOLTAGEon Lamp Wattage Consumption

  45. EFFECT OF VOLTAGEon Fan (Wattage) Consumption

  46. Electricity Tariff and Bill Analysis • Different Tariffs are Applicable for different categories of consumers. Main categories are: • Residential • Commercial • LT Industries • HT Industries • For Residential , Commercial and LT Industries Tariff consist of 2 part • Fixed Charge depending on Connected Load • Energy Charge depending on actual energy use

  47. RESIDENTIAL TARIFFS • RATE – RGP of MGVCL • FIXED CHARGES / MONTH: Range of Connected Load:(Other than BPL Consumers) (a) Up to & including 2 kW Rs. 15/- per month (b) Above 2 to 4 kW Rs. 25/- per month (c) Above 4 to 6 kW Rs. 45/- per month (d) Above 6 kW Rs. 65/- per month

  48. ENERGY CHARGES For the total monthly consumption: (other than BPL consumers) (a) First 50 units 315 paise per Unit (b) Next 50 units 360 paise per Unit (c) Next 150 units 425 paise per Unit (d) Above 250 units 520 paise per Unit

  49. ENERGY CHARGES • RATE: NON-RGP (COMMERCIAL) • This tariff is applicable to the services for the premises those are not covered in any other tariff categories and having aggregate load up to and including 40kW. • FIXED CHARGES PER MONTH: (a) First 10 kW connected load Rs.45/- per kW (b) Next 30 kW connected load Rs.75/- per kW

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