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The American Military Experience American Civil War 1861

The American Military Experience American Civil War 1861. Wayne E. Sirmon, M.A.Ed., M.A. Military Science & History Departments University of South Alabama. AMERICAN MILITARY DEATHS, 1775 - 1994 ( Wars and Recent Operations ). American Revolution War of 1812 Mexican War Civil War

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The American Military Experience American Civil War 1861

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  1. The American Military Experience American Civil War 1861 Wayne E. Sirmon, M.A.Ed., M.A. Military Science & History Departments University of South Alabama

  2. AMERICAN MILITARY DEATHS, 1775 - 1994( Wars and Recent Operations ) American Revolution War of 1812 Mexican War Civil War Spanish-American War World War I World War II Korean War Vietnam War Grenada, 1983 Panama, 1990 Desert Shield/Storm, 90-91 Somalia, 92-94 25,324 6,780 13,271 618,222 5,807 116,516 405,399 54,246 57,777 19 23 383 Source: The Journal of American History 29

  3. AMERICAN MILITARY DEATHS, 1775 - 1994( Wars and Recent Operations - per 10,000 Population ) American Revolution War of 1812 Mexican War Civil War Spanish-American War World War I World War II Korean War Vietnam War Grenada, 1983 Panama, 1990 Desert Shield/Storm, 90-91 Somalia, 92-94 117.9 8.3 6.2 181.7 0.8 11.1 29.6 3.5 2.8 0.0008 0.0009 0.0154 Source: The Journal of American History 0.0011

  4. States in the Civil War

  5. Confederate Statesof America “[The Confederacy’s] foundations are laid, and its cornerstone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery, subordination to the superior race, is his natural and moral condition.” Alexander H.Stephens Vice President, CSA Davis, Government of Our Own, 294

  6. Distinct Issues • Causes of war • Aims of belligerent governments • Motivations of individuals Probably related, quite unlikely to be identical

  7. American Civil War CIVIL WAR STRATEGIES US CS WAR AIMS Restore (Preserve) Union Independent Sovereignty Scott Davis 1861 Armed Diplomacy Armed Diplomacy “Anaconda” Cordon defense 1862-63 Halleck Lee Decisive Points Decisive Points Decisive Battle Decisive battle Offensive Defense 1864 Grant Hard War Defense Break will Break will

  8. Campaigns, 1861-63

  9. Infantry Napoleonic Wars Deadly Ground: 100 yards. Attack receives 2 volleys Civil War Deadly Ground: 500 yards. Attack receives 5-10 volleys.

  10. Artillery / Infantry Combat Napoleonic Wars Musket: 100 yards Canister: 500 (-) yards Civil War Canister: 500 (-) yards Rifle: 500 (+) yards

  11. Projectile Comparison Diameter Mass Velocity Energy Penetration 5.56 mm 4.0 gm 925 m/s 1711 Nm 34 cm 7.62 mm 9.7 gm 862 m/s 3603 Nm 65 cm 14.7 mm 28 gm 293 m/s 1201 Nm 24 cm .58 cal

  12. Lethality? • Waterloo • 200,000 involved • 68,000 casualties • 12 hours • Gettysburg • 191,000 involved • 42,000 casualties • 3 days

  13. Lethality? • Napoleonic wars: 300-500 shots/wound • Civil War: 127-181 shots/wound • Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) 20,000 shots/wound

  14. THE REGULAR ARMY ON THE EVE OF WAR 1861 REGIMENTS: 10 INFANTRY, 2 DRAGOONS, 1 MOUNTED RIFLE, 2 CAVALRY, 4 ARTILLERY. Total Strength: 16,215 (out of 17,867 authorized) - Regiments in theory, Companies in practice Location: (198 line Co’s) 183: frontier; 15: Canada/Atlantic) Officers: 286 of 1098 resign, join CSA ( very few enlisted) Concentrate as skilled nucleus? Scatter as cadre?

  15. FACTORY PRODUCTION 10-1 FIREARMS PRODUCTION 32-1 IRON PRODUCTION 20-1 COTTON PRODUCTION 1-24 Comparative Resources TOTAL POPULATION 2.5-1 WEALTH PRODUCED 3-1 RAILROAD MILAGE 2.4-1 MERCHANT SHIP TONNAGE 9-1 FARM ACERAGE 3-1 NAVAL SHIP TONNAGE 25-1

  16. Junior Leaders Matters

  17. Junior Leaders Matters Advance Redoubt Ft. Barrancas Fort Pickens Ft. McRee

  18. Junior Leaders Matters Advance Redoubt Ft. Barrancas Fort Pickens Ft. McRee

  19. Junior Leaders Matters

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